{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T02:49:05Z","timestamp":1784774945619,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Far lateral interbody fusion is a minimally invasive operating technique. However, the incidence of postoperative neurological complications is high, and some scholars question its safety. This study describes the neuroanatomical features and spatial orientation within the psoas major. Ten embalmed male cadavers were selected and the left psoas major was dissected. Subsequently, the area between the anterior and the posterior edges of the vertebral body was divided into three equal zones. The nerves' distribution, number, and spatial orientation of the L1\/2 to L4\/5 intervertebral discs were examined. A caliper was used to measure the diameter of the nerve. The safety zone of the L1\/2 intervertebral disc level is located in zone I and II, the relative safe zones of the L2\/3 and L4\/5 intervertebral discs are located in zone II, and the safety zone of the L3\/4 intervertebral disc level is located in the caudal side of zone II. The genitofemoral nerve exits the psoas major in a co\u2010trunk or two\u2010branch pattern, and its exit point was distributed between the L3 and L4 vertebral bodies, mainly at the L3\/4 intervertebral disc level. The sympathetic ganglia in the psoas major appeared only in zone I at the L2\/3 intervertebral disc level. This is a systematic anatomical study that describes the nerves of the psoas major. Spine surgeons can use this study\u2014which consists of important clinical implications\u2014for preoperative planning, and thus, reduce the risk of nerve injury during surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.24016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T12:20:11Z","timestamp":1679401211000},"page":"1075-1080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Position of lumbar plexus nerves in the psoas major: Application to transpsoas approaches to the lumbar spine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7909-051X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University  No. 183, Zhongshan Road West Guangzhou 510630 China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Guangzhou Development District Hospital  No. 196 Youyi Road, Huangpu District Guangzhou 510730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University  No. 183, Zhongshan Road West Guangzhou 510630 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University  No. 183, Zhongshan Road West Guangzhou 510630 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University  No. 183, Zhongshan Road West Guangzhou 510630 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University  No. 183, Zhongshan Road West Guangzhou 510630 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zexian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University  No. 183, Zhongshan Road West Guangzhou 510630 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of the Institute of Trauma Surgery The Second Hospital of Tangshan  No. 21 Jianshe North Road, Lubei District Tangshan 063015 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Guangzhou Development District Hospital  No. 196 Youyi Road, Huangpu District Guangzhou 510730 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4351-5824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingchu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University  No. 183, Zhongshan Road West Guangzhou 510630 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"ons48","article-title":"Supra\u2010psoas shallow docking in lateral interbody fusion","volume":"73","author":"Acosta F. 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