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There is compelling evidence for a strong correlation between Achilles tendon (AT) loading and plantar aponeurosis (PA) tension. In line with this, tightness of the AT is found in almost 80% of patients affected by plantar fasciitis. A positive correlation has also been reported between gastrocnemius\u2010soleus tightness and heel pain severity in this condition. Despite its high prevalence, the exact etiology and pathological mechanisms underlying plantar heel pain remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present paper is to discuss the anatomical and biomechanical substrates of plantar fasciitis with special emphasis on the emerging, though largely neglected, fascial system. In particular, the relationship between the fascia, triceps surae muscle, AT, and PA will be analyzed. We then proceed to discuss how structural and biomechanical alterations of the muscle\u2010tendon\u2010fascia complex due to muscle overuse or injury can create the conditions for the onset of PA pathology. A deeper knowledge of the possible molecular mechanisms underpinning changes in the mechanical properties of the fascial system in response to altered loading and\/or muscle contraction could help healthcare professionals and clinicians refine nonoperative treatment strategies and rehabilitation protocols for plantar fasciitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.24102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T10:04:37Z","timestamp":1691143477000},"page":"413-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Do the fasciae of the soleus have a role in plantar fasciitis?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3150-1863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larisa","family":"Ryskalin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Center for Rehabilitative Medicine \u201cSport and Anatomy\u201d University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Morucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Center for Rehabilitative Medicine \u201cSport and Anatomy\u201d University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Soldani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Center for Rehabilitative Medicine \u201cSport and Anatomy\u201d University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Gesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Center for Rehabilitative Medicine \u201cSport and Anatomy\u201d University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198706000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"439","article-title":"Biomechanics of the calcaneus","volume":"9","author":"Arandes R.","year":"1954","journal-title":"Minerva Chirurgica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","article-title":"Effectiveness of gastrocnemius\u2010soleus stretching program as a therapeutic treatment of plantar fasciitis","volume":"14","author":"Arif M. 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