{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T08:06:38Z","timestamp":1753862798624,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pterygoideus proprius muscle can be found incidentally in the infratemporal fossa, where it is spatially associated with the muscles of mastication, the maxillary artery, and the trigeminal nerve and its branches. Anatomists have described the muscle in various ways over the past 160\u2009years, chiefly as a musculotendinous structure that originates from the infratemporal crest of the sphenoid bone and inserts into the lateral pterygoid plate and the lateral pterygoid muscle. It is present in non\u2010human primates, albeit rarely, with similar anatomical findings. Embryologically, the pterygoideus proprius is thought to have developed from the first pharyngeal arch mesenchyme along with other muscles of mastication. Its close association with the maxillary artery and trigeminal nerve suggests possible clinical significance in trigeminal neuralgia and temporomandibular joint disorders. The literature was reviewed systematically to detail the historical background of research on the pterygoideus proprius muscle and explain its morphology, prevalence, embryology, and potential clinical significance. Despite its rarity, we propose that it is important to recognize its presence when the infratemporal fossa is approached.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.24121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T20:43:01Z","timestamp":1700080981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Musculus pterygoideus proprius: A meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Mandal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of the Internal Medicine Trinity Health System  Steubenville Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Montalbano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences St. George's University  True Blue Grenada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Natsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki  Thessalon\u00edki Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Piagkou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1317-1047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Shane","family":"Tubbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences St. George's University  True Blue Grenada"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences Tulane University School of Medicine  New Orleans Louisiana USA"},{"name":"Department of Structural &amp; Cellular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine  New Orleans Louisiana USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute Ochsner Health System  New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2811-6657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marios","family":"Loukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences St. George's University  True Blue Grenada"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy University of Warmia and Mazury  Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Issues in anatomy, physiology, metabolism, morphology, and human biology","year":"2012","author":"Acton A.","key":"e_1_2_5_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.1050"},{"volume-title":"A system of human anatomy, including its medical and surgical relations","year":"1882","author":"Allen H.","key":"e_1_2_5_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.10.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.52772"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.2174\/1877609401002010056","article-title":"En bloc removal of the mandible, the trigeminal muscles and the mandibular nerve in humans","volume":"2010","author":"Aziz M. 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