{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:27:33Z","timestamp":1790425653424,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The preserved head of King Henri IV of France (life 1553\u20131610, reign 1589\u20131610) has survived to the present day thanks to high\u2010quality embalming and favorable conservation conditions. The aim of this study was to examine Henry IV's upper resonant cavities and mastoids using an original and innovative forensic three\u2010dimensional segmentation method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paranasal sinuses and mastoid cells of King Henri IV of France were studied by cross\u2010referencing available biographical information with clinical and flexible endoscopic examination and computed tomography (CT\u2010scan) imaging. The paranasal sinuses and mastoid cells were delineated and their volumes were assessed using ITK\u2010SNAP 4.0 software (open\u2010source). Graphical representations were created using Fusion 360\u00ae (Autodesk Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA) and MeshMixer\u00ae (Autodesk Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paranasal sinus tomodensitometry revealed abnormalities in shape and number. Henri IV of France suffered from sinus aplasia. Neither the left sphenoid nor left frontal sinus contrasted sharply, and a remarkable pneumatization of the right clinoid processes extended throughout the height of the right pterygoid process. The total volumes of Henri IV's mastoid air\u2010cells were estimated at 27 and 26\u2009mL, respectively, for the right and left sides, exceeding the normal mean and the maximum of modern subjects by a wide margin. No sign of chronic ear or sinus condition was found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>An innovative method has been developed in forensic medicine to establish hypotheses about the growth and respiratory conditions of the face.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.24172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T08:39:11Z","timestamp":1713429551000},"page":"2-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional reconstruction of King Henri <scp>IV<\/scp>'s paranasal sinuses and mastoid cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4039-4310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"Baudouin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery Foch Hospital  Suresnes France"},{"name":"Laboratory Anthropology, Archaeology, Biology (LAAB) UFR of Health Sciences (UVSQ\/Paris\u2010Saclay University)  Montigny Le Bretonneux France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lique","family":"Amelot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phonetics and Phonology Laboratory (UMR 7018 CNRS &amp; Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne nouvelle)  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Huynh\u2010Charlier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Anthropology, Archaeology, Biology (LAAB) UFR of Health Sciences (UVSQ\/Paris\u2010Saclay University)  Montigny Le Bretonneux France"},{"name":"Department of Radiology University Hospital Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00e9tri\u00e8re, AP\u2010HP, boulevard de l'h\u00f4pital  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quentin","family":"Lisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery Foch Hospital  Suresnes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Hans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery Foch Hospital  Suresnes France"},{"name":"Phonetics and Phonology Laboratory (UMR 7018 CNRS &amp; Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne nouvelle)  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8291-8397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Charlier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Anthropology, Archaeology, Biology (LAAB) UFR of Health Sciences (UVSQ\/Paris\u2010Saclay University)  Montigny Le Bretonneux France"},{"name":"Foundation Anthropology, Archaeology, Biology (FAAB)\u2014Institut de France, Palais de l'Institut  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269360"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Henri IV","author":"Babelon J.\u2010P.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"E9","article-title":"The history of tuberculosis: From the first historical records to the isolation of Koch's bacillus","volume":"58","author":"Barberis I.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07643-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Cappello Z. 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