{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:05:55Z","timestamp":1760400355447,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Appropriate management of radial head fractures is integral to prevent long\u2010term consequences like chronic pain and loss of motion. Advanced imaging systems, like micro\u2010computed tomography (\u03bcCT), are valuable for understanding radial head fracture patterns as they utilize micrometer scale resolution to define important parameters of bone health like cortical density and trabecular thickness. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the structural morphology of the radial head utilizing \u03bcCT. Nine fresh\u2010frozen cadaveric human radii were divided into four equal quadrants, based, and labeled as posteromedial, posterolateral, anteromedial, and anterolateral. Quadrants were scanned with a SCANCO MicroCT40 with both cortical and cancellous bone density measurements at a resolution of 36.0\u2009\u03bcm. Bone density, direct trabecular number, and trabecular thickness were recorded as milligrams of hydroxyapatite\/cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>. A one\u2010way repeated measures ANOVA was performed to compare the bone densities, trabecular number, and trabecular thickness of each of the four quadrants (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The posteromedial quadrant contained substantially more bone than other quadrants. Significantly greater bone densities were found in the posteromedial quadrant (148.1\u2009mg of HA\/cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) compared to the anteromedial quadrant (54.6\u2009mg of HA\/cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>), posterolateral quadrant (137.5\u2009mg of HA\/cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) compared to the anteromedial quadrant (54.6\u2009mg of HA\/cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>), and posterolateral quadrant (137.5\u2009mg of HA\/cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) compared to the anterolateral quadrant (58.1\u2009mg of HA\/cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>). The trabecular number was not significantly different between quadrants. Trabecular thickness was significantly lower in the anterolateral (0.1417\u2009mg of HA\/cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) and anteromedial (0.1416\u2009mg of HA\/cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) quadrants compared to the posteromedial (0.1809\u2009mg of HA\/cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) quadrant. The posterior half of the radial head was found to have a higher density of columns and arches compared to the anterior half. The microstructure of trabecular bone in the distal radius forms columns, struts, and arches, which allow for efficient transmission of stress through the bone. The microstructure of the radial head has similar microarchitecture to the distal radius with the present study identifying the presence of columns and arches in the radial head. These structures, along with trabecular density, in the posterior radial head may explain the lower incidence of fractures involving the posterior half of the radial head. Furthermore, our study supports the idea that the high incidence of fractures involving the anterolateral quadrant is due to microarchitecture characteristics and the relative lack of supportive structures compared to other areas. The novel insight gained from this study will aid in the development of advanced interventions for preventative measures and better treatment of radial head fractures like more satisfactory purchase when screws are directed towards the denser posteromedial quadrant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.24191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T04:34:36Z","timestamp":1720586076000},"page":"726-733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microstructure of the radial head: Insights into anatomical variations and implications for advanced interventions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Scott","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences  Little Rock Arkansas USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Hand and Upper Extremity University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences  Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0840-1784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Randall R.","family":"Rainwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences  Little Rock Arkansas USA"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences  Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Mannen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences  Little Rock Arkansas USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Boise State University  Boise Idaho USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Tait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences  Little Rock Arkansas USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Hand and Upper Extremity University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences  Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Bracey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences  Little Rock Arkansas USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Hand and Upper Extremity University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences  Little Rock Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12672"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(95)93494-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1602849"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Barbier A. et al.3\u2010D X\u2010ray microcomputed tomography in the rat."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2007.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2021.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jbm.23390"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-009-9304-0"},{"volume-title":"Radial head fractures of the elbow","author":"Githens 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