{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T12:20:47Z","timestamp":1762604447995,"version":"3.30.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The upper end of the central canal of the human spinal cord has been repeatedly implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, yet its precise normal position in the medulla oblongata and upper cervical spinal cord remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to describe the anatomy of the upper end of the central canal with quantitative measurements and a three\u2010dimensional (3D) model. Seven formalin\u2010embalmed human brainstems were included, and the central canal was identified in serial axial histological sections using epithelial membrane antigen antibody staining. Measurements included the distances between the central canal (CC) and the anterior medullary fissure (AMF) and the posterior medullary sulcus (PMS). The surface and perimeter of the CC and the spinal cord were calculated, and its anterior\u2013posterior and maximum lateral lengths were measured for 3D modeling. The upper end of the CC was identified in six specimens, extending from the apertura canalis centralis (ACC) to its final position in the cervical cord. Positioned on the midline, it reaches its final location approximately 15\u2009mm below the obex. No specimen showed canal dilatation, focal stenosis, or evidence of syringomyelia. At 21\u2009mm under the ACC in the cervical cord, the median distance from the CC to the AMF was 3.14 (2.54\u20133.15) mm and from the CC to the PMS was 5.19 (4.52\u20135.43) mm, with a progressive shift from the posterior limit to the anterior third of the cervical spinal cord. The median area of the CC was consistently less than 0.1\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. The upper end of the CC originates at the ACC, in the posterior part of the MO, and reaches its normal position in the anterior third of the cervical spinal cord less than 2\u2009cm below the obex. Establishing the normal position of the upper end of this canal is crucial for understanding its possible involvement in cranio\u2010cervical junction pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.24196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T17:25:45Z","timestamp":1718126745000},"page":"35-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Upper end of the central canal of the human spinal cord: Quantitative anatomical study and <scp>3D<\/scp> modeling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3055-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne","family":"Lefevre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital  Paris France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Anatomy University of Bordeaux  Bordeaux 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