{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T22:58:14Z","timestamp":1789167494849,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Regional anatomy teaching forms a cornerstone of undergraduate medical education. Owing to an increase in teaching and learning content throughout the medical curriculum in recent years, contact hours and overall course durations in anatomy are under review worldwide. This study aimed to assess whether shortening the course content duration impacts learning gain and the ability to identify anatomical structures correctly. Undergraduate medical students of the Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009310) and at the Medical University of Graz (MUG;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009156) participating in regional anatomy courses were included. Whole body regional anatomy courses, including hands\u2010on dissection and accompanying lectures, were delivered over one or three months. Course content and examination mode were kept consistent, while the duration of knowledge delivery was one or three months, respectively. Objective structured practical examinations (OSPE) were then carried out on prosections for the neck, thorax, and abdomen. 3\u2010month course exposure resulted in significantly higher OSPE scores for the neck (49 vs. 37%), thorax (65 vs. 54%), and abdomen (65 vs. 45%), respectively. Further evaluation of the utility of different embalming types yielded higher 3\u2010month scores in the neck and thorax regions with Thiel\u2010embalmed tissues and thorax and abdomen regions in ethanol\u2010glycerin\u2010embalmed tissues. Course exposure over a more extended period, like three months, appears\u00a0to be highly beneficial.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.24206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T07:24:03Z","timestamp":1722842643000},"page":"239-248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A comparison of 1\u2010 versus 3\u2010month regional anatomy exposure on learning outcomes of undergraduate medical students"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7631-9080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Antipova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Siwetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maren","family":"Engelhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology Johannes Kepler University  Linz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz A.","family":"Fellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Radiology Institute Johannes Kepler University Hospital  Linz Austria"},{"name":"Division of Virtual Morphology Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Johannes Kepler University  Linz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Manhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Vice\u2010Rector for Studies and Teaching Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian F.","family":"Niedermair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Radiology Institute Johannes Kepler University Hospital  Linz Austria"},{"name":"Division of Virtual Morphology Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Johannes Kepler University  Linz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Ondruschka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Legal Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra M.","family":"Pietras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lie J.","family":"Poilliot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomical Institute University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Pretterklieber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Wimmer\u2010R\u00f6ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology Johannes Kepler University  Linz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Wree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy Rostock University Medical Center  Rostock Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz  Graz Austria"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery University of Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Division of Biomechatronics Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology (IWU)  Chemnitz and Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","article-title":"Time spent in practicing dissection correlated with improvement in anatomical knowledge of students: Experimental study in an integrated learning program","volume":"12","author":"Abdellatif H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"100","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Knowledge and attitude towards ethical cadaver dissection among medical and health sciences students, 1997\u20132020: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"25","author":"Alamneh Y. M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Translational Research in Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsbull.2015.397"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-021-02925-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.b.20036"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"Doc25","article-title":"Illustrated versus non\u2010illustrated anatomical test items in anatomy course tests and German medical licensing examinations (M1)","volume":"35","author":"Bahlmann O.","year":"2018","journal-title":"GMS Journal for Medical Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22585"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-021-10589-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2010.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-010-0703-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2005.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"105","volume":"19","author":"Brenner E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Assessment in Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V34N8p486"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23861"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1618-3169.56.4.236"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-021-02778-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/AMEP.S378149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2015.0325"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.980070509"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2010.05241.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1933"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities facing medical education","volume":"122","author":"Densen P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1656"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31803eab41"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200010000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5214\/ans.0972.7531.200408"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22222"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2016.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/07-145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","unstructured":"Firnberg H.(1978).Verordnung des Bundesministers f\u00fcr Wissenschaft und Forschung vom 3. September 1978 \u00fcber die Studienordnung f\u00fcr die Studienrichtung Medizin in 156. Stueck P.o. Austria Editor 2843\u20132846."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1617"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1649"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.b.20039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01421590903183795"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23936"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1450"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1270"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000196"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","unstructured":"Hintzman D.(1974).Theories in cognitive psychology: The Loyola symposium. 77\u201390."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.1.1.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2013.770130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/anatomia1020013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.21118"},{"issue":"100","key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Benefits and pitfalls of learning anatomy using the dissection module in an indian medical school: A millennial Learner's perspective","volume":"26","author":"Kalthur S. G.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Translational Research in Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","volume-title":"Experiential learning: experience as the source of learning and development","author":"Kolb D. A.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1836"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1323"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","unstructured":"Leodolter I.(1973).Bundesgesetz vom 14. Februar 1973 ueber die Studienrichtung Medizin in 30. Stueck P.o. Austria 738\u2013742."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(69)80050-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/AMEP.S264120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1760"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23491"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2006.02401.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2018.1485884"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(70)80107-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000488320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.1986.tb01169.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2234"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1458"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2019.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1479-666X(04)80050-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-95022016000400044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1638"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20329"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/mmj.v16i1.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-020-02007-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2022.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs8020027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-010-0748-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08930-0_31"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-022-00650-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cjs.007414"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-022-03800-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00472395211047865"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-015-1507-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2015.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.34.2.151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(11)80346-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(02)80121-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1859"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/003588407X168244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01454"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.193317"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2018.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22934"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2006.02625.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1305"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_102_1","first-page":"e25296","article-title":"Standard\u2010setting of multidisciplinary objective structured practical examination","volume":"14","author":"Zaki S. M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.24206","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:33:51Z","timestamp":1760164431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ca.24206"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ca.24206"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.24206","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-3806","1098-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}