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However, communication between the peripheral branches of the trigeminal and facial nerves has not been fully elucidated owing to the delicacy of their structures and the ambiguity of definitions in previous reports. In this study, we used whole\u2010mount nerve staining to differentiate between the two types of interaction between the trigeminal and facial nerves. \u201cNerve communication\u201d is defined as an exchange of fibers between the two nerves, while \u201cnerve crossing\u201d indicates that only the epineuria are in close contact, with no exchange of fibers. The skin and soft tissues of six human faces were excised, and the nerves were stained using Sihler's method. The peripheral branches of the ophthalmic nerve showed no communication with the facial nerve. In half of the cases (3\/6), the infraorbital nerve, representing the peripheral branch of the maxillary nerve, communicated with the facial nerve. Peripheral branches of the mandibular nerve communicated with the facial nerve via the auriculotemporal (6\/6), buccal (6\/6), and mental (3\/6) nerves. Our findings demonstrate moderate communication between the peripheral branches of the trigeminal and facial nerves in the maxillary nerve region but more concentrated communication in the mandibular nerve region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.24247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T06:59:48Z","timestamp":1733122788000},"page":"649-659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anatomical study of trigeminal\u2010facial nerve communications: Application to facial transplant surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2698-3522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haruki","family":"Iwai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuharu","family":"Mine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gross Anatomy and Forensic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6161-6680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rie","family":"Shimotakahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gross Anatomy and Forensic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyuki","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy Tokyo Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Tamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gross Anatomy and Forensic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1974.00780030038007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001300405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Microscopic analysis of the anastomoses between the cranial nerves","author":"Bischoff E. 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