{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T13:10:48Z","timestamp":1789650648230,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 HL164311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 HL164311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Reports of visualization of the stellate ganglion via magnetic resonance imaging date back to the early 1990s. However, such imaging has not been fully utilized, presumably due to vagueness of its topographic anatomy, small size, suboptimal image quality, and limited reproducibility. Considering the recent advancements in the field of neuroradiological imaging, including magnetic resonance neurography, and emerging interests regarding cardiac neuroanatomy and neuromodulation, such as stellate ganglion phototherapy, it is time to revisit the anatomy and imaging of the stellate ganglion, as it largely controls the sympathetic tone of the heart. Quantification and qualification of the stellate ganglion can drive innovation in the management and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.70006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T13:28:52Z","timestamp":1753277332000},"page":"747-754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Three\u2010Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Human Stellate Ganglion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Masanori","family":"Nakajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5803-7135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shumpei","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Kagoshima City Hospital  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yoshiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shili","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3893-1158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Rimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Funabashi Municipal Medical Center  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1564-439X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varun","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia &amp; Autonomic Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Salamon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiological Sciences David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Physics and Biology in Medicine, Interdepartmental Program David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Samueli School of Engineering at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8854-2976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim\u2010Lien","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Samueli School of Engineering at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Section, Department of Radiological Sciences David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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