{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T13:44:17Z","timestamp":1775655857819,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The microvasculature of peripheral nerve not only is important for the understanding of the development of compression syndromes, but it plays a critical role in the evolution of other nerve pathologies, including, for example, the distribution of intraneural ganglion cysts and lymphoma. We investigated the anatomical course of vessels around the human sciatic nerve and its bifurcation in eight human cadavers. Specifically, the presence of fenestrations on the epineurium and paraneurium's thickness in relation to the intraneural vessels was investigated. The sciatic, tibial, peroneal and sural nerves at the level of the bifurcation are surrounded by different layers, including the epineurium and paraneurial layers. Multiple fenestrations were observed in all membranes surrounding these nerves, which formed openings for the transfer of adipocytes and vessels from one compartment to the neighboring one. The openings were relatively large compared to the size of the vessels. In conclusion, vessels always travel through a natural opening in the paraneurial and epineurium. These vessels are important connections between the extrinsic and intrinsic nerve vasculature. In addition, the fenestration provides an important anatomical explanation for the possibility of transfer of anesthetic agents or different nerve pathologies, including intraneural ganglion cyst and tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.70021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T09:01:54Z","timestamp":1755680514000},"page":"461-469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Natural Openings in the Paraneurium and Epineurium of the Human Sciatic Nerve and Their Relationship to the Entry and Exit of Blood Vessels. A Microanatomical Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0764-8048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Godard C. W.","family":"de Ruiter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Haaglanden Medical Center  The Hague the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0443-7763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Spinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9126-0179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Sala\u2010Blanch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology Hospital Clinic de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Human Anatomy and Embryology University of Barcelona Faculty of Medicine  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9078-1020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Reina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology CEU\u2010San\u2010Pablo University School of Medicine  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University of Florida College of Medicine  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.2.JNS242816"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.2.JNS242815"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2022.2072101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Dissertation de Nervorum Vasis","author":"Isenflamm J. 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