{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T13:10:48Z","timestamp":1789650648250,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The postglenoid foramen (PGF) is a rarely reported anatomical variant of the temporal bone, with limited data on its morphology, prevalence, and clinical relevance, particularly in non\u2010European populations. This study aimed to investigate the anatomy and frequency of foramina located on the squamous part of the temporal bone, including the PGF, and to propose a classification system based on their anatomical positions. A total of 117 human skulls (234 sides), including both dried and Thiel\u2010embalmed specimens, were examined through gross observation, cadaveric dissection, and computed tomography (CT) in selected cases. Foramina were localized relative to the postglenoid process (PGP) and zygomatic arch, and classified accordingly. Foramina were identified in 48 skulls (41.0%) and 67 sides (28.6%), with no significant difference between left and right sides (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.00). Based on anatomical location, three main types were identified: preglenoid (76.7%), postglenoid (6.8%), and supra\u2010arcuate (16.4%). Three foramina were found to communicate with the middle cranial fossa, confirmed by CT imaging. The proposed classification provides a practical framework for describing their positional variation. These findings are of clinical importance, particularly in surgical planning and radiologic interpretation, as such foramina may serve as conduits for venous communication or infection. Further studies are warranted to explore their histological structure and developmental origins.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.70024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T11:45:27Z","timestamp":1757072727000},"page":"755-760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anatomical Study and Classification of Foramina of the Squamous Part of the Temporal Bone"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Tawanrat","family":"Paensukyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Science Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pattita","family":"Kanjanapaisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Science Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Napawan","family":"Taradolpisut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nutmethee","family":"Kruepunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Kasetsart University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benrita","family":"Jitaree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University  Samut Prakan Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pakpoom","family":"Thintharua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University  Samut Prakan Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arada","family":"Chaiyamoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9910-0244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athikhun","family":"Suwannakhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"425","article-title":"Bilateral Postglenoid Foramen: A Rare Case and Literature Review","volume":"38","author":"Aderval Arag\u00e3o J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Morphological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-7749.91196"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"108","article-title":"The Emissary Foramina of the Cranium in Man and the Anthropoids","volume":"65","author":"Boyd G.","year":"1930","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"510","article-title":"The Development of Certain Human Dural Venous Sinuses","volume":"91","author":"Butler H.","year":"1957","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Gray's Anatomy for Students","author":"Drake R. L.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11101466"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0295590"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-018-0926-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23671"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2016.59.3.192"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4323\/rjlm.2010.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2020.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"1699","article-title":"MR, CT, and Plain Film Imaging of the Developing Skull Base in Fetal Specimens","volume":"21","author":"Nemzek W. R.","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1127\/0003-5548\/2012\/0165"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000010353"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2017.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.12.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Post\u2010Glenoid Foramen: A Rare Emissary Foramen in Human Skull","volume":"13","author":"Priya P.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-021-02790-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200305000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"The Cerebrospinal Venous System: Anatomy, Physiology, and Clinical Implications","volume":"8","author":"Tobinick E.","year":"2006","journal-title":"MedGenMed: Medscape General Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"Morphology of the Temporal Canal and Postglenoid Foramen With Reference to the Size of the Jugular Foramen in Man and Selected Species of Animals","volume":"61","author":"Wysocki J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Folia Morphologica"}],"container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.70024","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ca.70024","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.70024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T12:34:30Z","timestamp":1789648470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ca.70024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ca.70024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.70024","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-3806","1098-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}