{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:02:46Z","timestamp":1791932566139,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021828","name":"German Academic Exchange Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021828","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ultrasound (US) is a clinically important imaging modality that can also enhance medical students' understanding of anatomy, physiology, and pathology. However, its integration into preclinical curricula often remains limited due to challenges such as resource constraints and instructor availability. To address these shortcomings, we implemented and evaluated a peer\u2010assisted learning (PAL)\u2010based US course\u2014Summer School of Anatomy\u2010based Sonography Heidelberg (SASH)\u2014with a daughter course at a second institution, the University of Cambridge (Cam\u2010SASH). Both programs focused on teaching fundamental US techniques through a structured, tutor\u2010led curriculum including an accompanying course manual. In 2022, we evaluated both programs prospectively, including 36 medical students. Over 1\u2009week, student tutors trained participants in B\u2010mode abdominal US through lectures, hands\u2010on practice, and assessments, including Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) and pre\u2010 and post\u2010course multiple\u2010choice tests of anatomical knowledge. Post\u2010course knowledge levels were comparable between Hei\u2010SASH and Cam\u2010SASH participants, with no significant differences observed in multiple\u2010choice tests or OSCE performance (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2265\u20090.17). Feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with students reporting increased confidence and proficiency in performing US scans and interpreting images. This study highlights the transferability of PAL\u2010led US courses, with comparable outcomes between institutions. Our findings support the inclusion of such programs in undergraduate medical curricula, as they provide a cost\u2010effective and scalable solution to resource limitations. By enabling students to gain hands\u2010on experience with real\u2010time imaging, these courses bridge the gap between theoretical learning and clinical application, equipping future physicians with essential diagnostic skills.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.70098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T08:45:02Z","timestamp":1771404302000},"page":"541-552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessing the Transferability of Peer\u2010Assisted Ultrasound Training for Medical Students: A Comparative Study Between Two Institutions in Germany and the\n                    <scp>UK<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0896-5734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Bauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cell Biology and Anatomy Heidelberg University  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Division of Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo F.","family":"Nonnenbroich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cell Biology and Anatomy Heidelberg University  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Henningsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cell Biology and Anatomy Heidelberg University  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Wakefield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Anatomy Centre, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2782-5494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ansh","family":"Tandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Anatomy Centre, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun J.","family":"Thirunavukarasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Anatomy Centre, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Sciences Division University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Anatomy Centre, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Brassett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Anatomy Centre, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3499-4050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph A.","family":"Nawrotzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cell Biology and Anatomy Heidelberg University  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Heidelberg University  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10401334.2014.910464"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tria.2020.100088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/acm.0000000000000414"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40670\u2010017\u20100491\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.14672"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2012.01.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472\u20106920\u201014\u2010115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100035\u20101569413"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100029\u20101245837"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tct.12541"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2013.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Educational Endowment Foundation.2026.\u201cWhat is Evidence 4 Impact?\u201dhttps:\/\/educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.24014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159x.2015.1034663"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/acm.0000000000000939"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2016.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.13211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1758"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","volume-title":"How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education","author":"Fraenkel J. R.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.259"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a\u20102103\u20104787"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909\u2010017\u20100892\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100031\u20101281649"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20102007\u20101024468"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13089\u2010011\u20100052\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"Institute of Education Sciences of the U.S. Department of Education. n.d.\u201cThe What Works Clearinghouse.\u201dhttps:\/\/ies.ed.gov\/ncee\/wwc\/FWW."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.2565"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.180"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.13974"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23838"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1792"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2007.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102923.2008.03124.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1872"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tct.13635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10401334.2016.1172012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a\u20101034\u20107749"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.19332"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909\u2010019\u20101663\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1401"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22864"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1742271X14542173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.b.20117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102923.1985.tb01134.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-43283-6_37"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1670"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.24259"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1630"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1311944"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472\u20106920\u201012\u201099"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1327"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.24229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102923.1996.tb00832.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u2010929.2005.02288.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2311"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/medu.15751"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1742271x18772606"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909\u2010025\u201007630\u20109"}],"container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.70098","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ca.70098","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.70098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T12:47:09Z","timestamp":1775652429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ca.70098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ca.70098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.70098","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-3806","1098-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}