{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T11:03:09Z","timestamp":1781262189878,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neurodegenerative diseases, which afflict millions worldwide and threaten public health, have no cure. Neurodegenerative diseases lack effective therapies, burdening society and the economy. Over the past 20\u2009years, regenerative cell therapy (stem cell therapy) has advanced, opening novel neurodegenerative disease treatments. Thus, the current review aimed to systematically highlight experimental and clinical studies of potentially effective therapeutic strategies for stem cells and report histological, cellular, or ultrastructural outcomes following stem cell interventions in neurodegenerative diseases. PRISMA\u2010compliant computerized literature searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified studies on embryonic, induced pluripotent, mesenchymal, or neural stem cells (NSCs) in neurodegenerative disease models and histological and tissue\u2010level outcomes. Search terms included nervous system diseases, histology, neuron regeneration, stem cells, stem cell treatment, and transplantation. Peer\u2010reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2025 were selected. Experimental animal and clinical studies that reported histological or tissue\u2010level results after stem cell treatments were included. Eighty\u2010six studies met the eligibility criteria, covering models of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease. Across these studies, stem cell therapies were linked to improved neuron survival, better synaptic structure, diminished gliosis, and some restoration of tissue structure. These effects depended on the type of stem cell used, the disease model, and how the treatment was given. Overall, the evidence suggests that stem cell therapies can lead to significant histological and tissue\u2010level improvements in neurodegenerative diseases, supporting their potential for regeneration. Further standardized and translational studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms and improve treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.70147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T10:47:03Z","timestamp":1781261223000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Histological and Tissue\u2010Level Outcomes of Stem Cell Therapies in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0046-9875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heba","family":"Fikry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0949-9429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lobna A.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2996-4770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doaa Ramadan","family":"Sadek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29872","article-title":"Comparative Study Between Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Their Conditioned Medium in the Treatment of Rat Model of Parkinsonism","volume":"236","author":"Abdelwahab S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2020.101892","article-title":"Cerebral and Cerebellar Histological Changes in the Rat Animal Model of Rotenone Induced Parkinsonism Can Be Ameliorated by Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cell Conditioned Media","volume":"111","author":"Abdelwahab S. 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