{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:21:34Z","timestamp":1788402094127,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly implemented in medical education, adding new opportunities to improve learning in complex subjects like anatomy. This study assessed the perceived effectiveness of AI\u2010powered tools in undergraduate anatomy education by evaluating the content validity of AI\u2010generated materials, the student\u2010perceived quality of generated questions, and students' perceptions of AI use. A cross\u2010sectional, multi\u2010phase mixed\u2010methods study was conducted at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman (September to December 2025). Three aims were addressed: (1) expert content validity review of AI\u2010generated heart anatomy materials; (2) students' evaluation of AI\u2010generated MCQs across clarity, difficulty, scientific accuracy, and educational utility; (3) a structured survey examined students' perceptions, usage patterns, and attitudes toward AI tools in anatomy education. Findings were interpreted using three complementary frameworks. These linked the study aims to technical quality, psychometric assessment, educational value, ethical considerations, and human\u2010involved review process. AI\u2010generated anatomy content showed favorable, small\u2010panel\u2010dependent validity (CVR\u2009=\u20090.933; 90% above threshold). Students rated the AI\u2010generated MCQs positively, especially for clarity and scientific accuracy, while difficulty scored lowest. AI was widely used for concept clarification and self\u2010testing. Students found it helpful and time\u2010saving, but reported only moderate confidence in its accuracy, limited AI competence, and concerns about ethical use and long\u2010term retention. When mapped to the three frameworks, the findings indicate favorable expert\u2010rated content validity (Roveta), positive learner responses, and indirect learning gains (Kirkpatrick Levels 1\u20132). They also highlight the need for a human\u2010in\u2010the\u2010loop workflow (QUEST\u2010AI). AI\u2010powered tools can support anatomy education by improving efficiency, engagement, and self\u2010directed learning. However, they should complement rather than replace traditional teaching. Structured guidance and expert validation of generated content are essential to ensure safe and effective integration into medical curricula.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.70188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T06:05:28Z","timestamp":1784181928000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Perceived Effectiveness of\n                    <scp>AI<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Powered Tools in Undergraduate Anatomy Education: A Cross\u2010Sectional Multifaceted Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Ayisha","family":"Almamari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University  Muscat Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Al\u2010Farsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University  Muscat Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul\u2010Rahman","family":"Almamari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University  Muscat Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5590-5112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hussein","family":"Abdellatif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University  Muscat Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/48291"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192114209"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12242504"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2502"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/9789819807024_0005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Let's Get Ethical: An Exploration of Undergraduate Decision Making Regarding the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence","volume":"52","author":"Beyersdorf K.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of the Student Personnel Association at Indiana 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