{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T06:34:28Z","timestamp":1790058868888,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,24]],"date-time":"2005-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1106524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3676,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A study of the surgical anatomy of the pudendal nerve (PN) was performed in 13 female and 7 male cadavers. The knowledge of the precise anatomy and anomalies of this important nerve would help in better localization of the nerve and its roots and branches for neurostimulation or for pudendal canal decompression in pudendal canal syndrome. Two routes were used in the dissection: gluteal and perineal. The PN was identified and its course was followed from its roots to its termination.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The PN was composed of three roots derived from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th anterior sacral rami (S 2,3,4). The roots received a contribution from S 1 in five cadavers and from S 5 in one. The three roots formed two cords. The first root continued as the upper cord while the second and third root fused together producing the lower cord. The PN was formed by union of the two cords a short distance proximal to the sacrospinous ligament, and then crossed the back of the ligament. In no specimen did the nerve cross the ischial spine.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The inferior rectal nerve arose from the PN in the pudendal canal in 18 cadavers. In two cases it came out proximal to the canal; this would spare the two subjects the anorectal manifestations of the pudendal canal syndrome. As the PN crossed the back of the sacrospinous ligament, it gave origin to a branch that supplied the levator ani muscle. This branch was only found in male cadavers and we call it \u201caccessory rectal nerve\u201d; the levator ani muscle in such cadavers was doubly innervated on its perineal aspect. \u00a9 1995 WiIey\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.980080205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,24]],"date-time":"2005-02-24T00:51:55Z","timestamp":1109206315000},"page":"110-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":167,"title":["Surgical anatomy of the pudendal nerve and its clinical implications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Shafik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motasem","family":"El\u2010Sherif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u2010Sibai","family":"Olfat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37674-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Relationship between perineal descent and pudendal nerve incontinence","volume":"9","author":"Jones P. N.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int. J. Colorect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)42297-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800710817"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800680804"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)39150-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. 18. The levator dysfunction syndrome: A new syndrome with report of 7 cases","volume":"5","author":"Shafik A.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Coloproctology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"102","article-title":"Pudendal canal syndrome. Description of a new syndrome and its treatment: Report of 7 cases","volume":"13","author":"Shafik A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Coloproctology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000172106"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Pudendal canal decompression in the treatment of idiopathic fecal incontinence","volume":"36","author":"Shafik A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dis. Colon Rectum"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"252","article-title":"Chronic scrotalgia: Report of four cases with successful treatment","volume":"3","author":"Shafik A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pain Digest"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"345","article-title":"Pudendal nerve stimulation for anal and urethral sphincter control. Experimental study","volume":"6","author":"Shafik A","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroent. Hepatol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00571842"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01485019408987779"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shafik A.1994Sacral root stimulation for controlled defecation.Eur. Surg. Res. in press.","DOI":"10.1159\/000129374"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)54182-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)54183-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800730531"}],"container-title":["Clinical Anatomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fca.980080205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ca.980080205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T02:49:07Z","timestamp":1698288547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ca.980080205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ca.980080205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.980080205","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-3806","1098-2353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-3806","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}}}