{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:44:54Z","timestamp":1791546294938,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Cancer incidence and mortality have received critical attention during the long\u2010term management of morbidities in patients with autoimmune diseases (AIDs). This study aimed to investigate and compare the risk of cancer associated with five major AIDs in a large\u2010scale Chinese cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">A total of 8,120 AID patients consecutively admitted to a national tertiary referral center in China were included and followed\u2010up for 38,726.55 patient\u2010years, including those with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome (SS), systemic scleroderma (SSc), and idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM). Demographic data, cancer incidence, predilecting sites and cancer onset time were recorded and compared among the five AIDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Four hundred and thirty (5.3%) patients developed cancer. Their median age was 57.5 years and AID duration was 79.8 months. The estimated total standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of cancer in AIDs patients was 3.37, with the highest SIR observed in IIM (4.31), followed by RA (3.99), SSc (3.77), SS (2.88) and SLE (2.58). The increased SIR of cancers in AID patients showed a female predominance (female\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      . male: 3.59\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      . 2.77) and younger patient involvement (age &lt;50\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      . \u226550 years: 4.88\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      . 3.04). Patients with SLE had increased SIRs for developing hematologic malignancies and solid tumors located in the urinary bladder, corpus uteri and cervix uteri. Patients with SS had a significantly high SIR for developing non\u2010Hodgkin's lymphoma. Within 3 years of IIM diagnosis, 74.6% of the patients developed cancer and they had a high risk of ovarian cancer. RA was associated with a wide distribution of scancers, including non\u2010Hodgkin's lymphoma, gynecologic, urinary tract, thyroid gland and lung cancers. SSc patients had increased SIRs for developing cervical uterine, lung, and breast cancers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Patients with five major AIDs in China had an increased risk of developing cancer, with a predominance in women and younger patients, although cancer incidence, predilection sites and cancer onset time may vary greatly in each AID entity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T06:54:09Z","timestamp":1648709649000},"page":"435-446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["The five major autoimmune diseases increase the risk of cancer: epidemiological data from a large\u2010scale cohort study in China"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6580-4419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital","place":["Beijing, P. 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