{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T21:40:24Z","timestamp":1791754824949,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, China University Industry\u2010University\u2010Research Innovation Fund","award":["2023HT009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023HT009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Cadonilimab is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 bispecific antibody targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD\u20101) and cytotoxic T\u2010lymphocyte\u2010associated antigen 4 (CTLA\u20104). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) combined with cadonilimab in patients with advanced recurrent or refractory solid tumors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Patients with advanced solid tumors who progressed after at least two lines of systemic treatment, including immunotherapy, and were eligible for SBRT were enrolled. SBRT was administered to patients with high\u2010burden\/symptomatic lesions in combination with intravenous cadonilimab (6 mg\/kg, once every 2 weeks). The primary endpoint was safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Sixty\u2010three patients were enrolled from August 28, 2022, to September 14, 2023 (median follow\u2010up: 9.1 months). The median prior treatment line was 3.0 (range 2.0\u20104.0). Approximately 46.0% (29\/63) of patients had received prior PD\u20101\/PD\u2010L1 therapy, 36.5% (23\/63) and 12.7% (8\/63) of patients had non\u2010small cell lung cancer and soft tissue sarcoma. Treatment\u2010related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 38.1% (24\/63) of patients, with grade 3 TRAEs reported in 3.2% (2\/63). The most common TRAEs included pain (12.7%), elevated transaminases (12.7%), pneumonia (6.4%), fatigue (6.4%), nausea (4.8%), and fever (4.8%). The objective response rate (ORR) was 23.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.0%\u201036.2%). The median progression\u2010free survival (PFS) was 7.2 months (95% CI, 6.3\u20108.2 months), and the median overall survival (OS) was 10.0 months (95% CI, 7.7\u201012.4 months). The 6\u2010month and 12\u2010month local control rates were 98.4% and 93.0%, respectively. In a subgroup analysis of 23 non\u2010small cell lung cancer patients, the ORR was 17.4% (95% CI, 5.0%\u201038.8%), the median PFS was 6.9 months (95% CI, 4.7\u20109.1 months), and the median OS was 9.1 months (95% CI, 7.3\u201010.9 months). Multivariate analysis indicated that receiving \u22656 cycles of cadonilimab and having an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 0\u20101 were significantly associated with improved PFS and OS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">SBRT in combination with cadonilimab demonstrated manageable toxicity and promising efficacy in heavily pretreated patients with refractory solid tumors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">This study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05915481) on August 20, 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.70051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T09:04:21Z","timestamp":1753175061000},"page":"1235-1246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Stereotactic body radiotherapy plus cadonilimab (PD\u20101\/CTLA\u20104 bispecific antibody) as third\u2010line or beyond therapy for refractory solid tumors: A phase 1b study"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4479-7619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University Third Hospital","place":["Beijing, P. 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