{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:18:36Z","timestamp":1788175116712,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Innovation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a rare benign smooth muscle tumor originating from the uterus and characterized by intravascular growth along the venous system, with potential extension to the inferior vena cava, right heart, or pulmonary arteries, leading to life\u2010threatening cardiorespiratory complications. IVL carries a 10%\u201331% recurrence rate and exhibits quasimalignant biological behavior despite its benign histology. Surgical resection is the main treatment. Current studies on IVL remain limited with regard to molecular and genetic mechanisms. This review systematically summarizes the research progress on IVL from the perspectives of chromosomal aberrations, copy number variations, gene mutations, transcriptomics, proteomics, histopathology, and epigenetic alterations. In addition, IVL is compared with uterine leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, and benign metastasizing leiomyoma to clarify its similarities and differences. This review also discusses unresolved issues, including tumor origin, intravascular invasive mechanisms and recurrence biomarkers, as well as prospects for future directions. A comprehensive understanding of the genetic and molecular features of IVL will help elucidate its pathogenesis, improve differential diagnosis and clinical management, and provide a theoretical basis for targeted therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cai2.70075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:15:39Z","timestamp":1787030139000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular and Genetic Landscape of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2719-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1National Clinical Research Center for Women's Health and Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1National Clinical Research Center for Women's Health and Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Research Facility, National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1National Clinical Research Center for Women's Health and Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1National Clinical Research Center for Women's Health and Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6072-1956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1National Clinical Research Center for Women's Health and Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000478"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.12.320"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeae280"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"The First Textbook of Pathological Anatomy of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (on the 60th Anniversary of Publication of the Book by M.A. Skvortsov)","volume":"48","author":"Ignatenko V. S.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arkhiv Patologii"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1020004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2025.102350"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Diagnosis of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis Extending to Heart With Emphasis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"125","author":"Kang L.\u2010Q.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf994"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-2804"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.10159"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2014.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2019.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-0546-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05919-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2026.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2020.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-02551-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoy020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI81534"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2023.14165"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37452-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3098"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2025.106002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14122907"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-023-00338-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202401528RR"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-026-08614-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63251-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2026.124159"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.84486"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb43020084"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp-2025-210298"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000006018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14030712"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2024-0208"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12010137"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00010.2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.11.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65084-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2025.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000213414.15633.4e"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13081971"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/humu\/1839494"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2022.2058211"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1534933"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-24-1724"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.124.017305"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2023.3385"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.70195"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009"}],"container-title":["Cancer Innovation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cai2.70075","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cai2.70075","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cai2.70075","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T10:43:44Z","timestamp":1788173024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cai2.70075"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cai2.70075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cai2.70075","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2770-9191","2770-9183"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2770-9191","type":"print"},{"value":"2770-9183","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70075"}}