{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T13:00:16Z","timestamp":1784034016650,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,20]],"date-time":"2017-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institutional funds"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary gallbladder cancer is an aggressive and uncommon cancer with poor outcomes. Our study examines epidemiology, trend, and survival of gallbladder cancer in the United States from 1973 to 2009. We utilized the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEER<\/jats:styled-content>). Frequency and rate analyses on demographics, stage, and survival were compared among non\u2010Hispanic whites, Hispanics, African American, and Asian\/Pacific Islanders. A total of 18,124 cases were reported in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEER<\/jats:styled-content> from 1973 to 2009 comprising 1.4% of all reported gastrointestinal cancers. Gallbladder cancer was more common in females than males (71 vs. 29%, respectively). The age\u2010adjusted incidence rate was 1.4 per 100,000, significantly higher in females than males (1.7 vs. 1.0). Trend analysis showed that the incidence rate has been decreasing over the last three decades for males. However, among females, the incidence rate had decreased from 1973 to mid\u201090s but has remained stable since then. Trend analysis for stage at diagnosis showed that the proportion of late\u2010stage cases has been increasing significantly since 2001 after a decreasing pattern since 1973. Survival has improved considerably over time, and survival is better in females than males and in Asian\/Pacific Islanders than other racial groups. The highest survival was in patients who received both surgery and radiation. Trend analysis revealed a recent increase of the incidence of late\u2010stage gallbladder cancer. Highest survival was associated with receiving both surgery and radiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,20]],"date-time":"2017-03-20T07:42:49Z","timestamp":1489995769000},"page":"874-880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Trend analysis and survival of primary gallbladder cancer in the United States: a 1973\u20132009 population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Rubayat","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Missouri School of Medicine  One Hospital Drive, CE 405 Columbia Missouri 65212"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo J.","family":"Simoes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management and Informatics University of Missouri School of Medicine  One Hospital Drive CE707 CS&amp;E Bldg Columbia Missouri 65212"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chester","family":"Schmaltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Missouri Cancer Registry and Research Center University of Missouri at Columbia  401 Clark Hall Columbia Missouri 65211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian S.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology Loma Linda VA Medical Center  Loma Linda California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5646-9014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamal A.","family":"Ibdah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Missouri School of Medicine  One Hospital Drive, CE 405 Columbia Missouri 65212"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.51.6.349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Gallbladder cancer: epidemiology and outcome","volume":"6","author":"Hundal R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. 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