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This pilot study assessed gender differences in body composition in stomach, colorectal, and biliary cancer patients with cachexia. A sample of 38 participants (Female: Male\u00a0=\u00a017:21, mean age 57.4\u00a0years) were included if they were undergoing chemotherapy and experienced weight loss of 5% or more over a 6\u2010month period. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA<\/jats:styled-content>) was applied to measure body composition. Phase angle (PA<\/jats:styled-content>) and levels of extra\u2010\/intracellular water (ECW<\/jats:styled-content>; ICW<\/jats:styled-content>) were determined. Data were analyzed first by gender and then compared to age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched healthy controls from the NHANES<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010III<\/jats:styled-content> dataset. PA<\/jats:styled-content> was lower (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.01) in both genders compared with healthy controls, and PA<\/jats:styled-content> was lower in female patients compared with male patients (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.03). Male cancer patients with lower PA<\/jats:styled-content> also had lower ICW<\/jats:styled-content> levels compared with healthy controls (r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.98, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.01). For female patients, PA<\/jats:styled-content> and ICW<\/jats:styled-content> were negatively correlated (r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.897, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.01). A lower ECW<\/jats:styled-content>\/ICW<\/jats:styled-content> ratio was highly correlated (r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.969 for men, r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.639 for women) with increased PA<\/jats:styled-content> in cancer patients. ICW<\/jats:styled-content> changes are gender\u2010specific in patients with GI<\/jats:styled-content> cancer. ECW<\/jats:styled-content>\/ICW<\/jats:styled-content> ratios and PA<\/jats:styled-content> may be suitable surrogate markers for gender\u2010specific changes in cell composition and health status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T03:33:38Z","timestamp":1530675218000},"page":"3695-3703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Body composition changes differ by gender in stomach, colorectal, and biliary cancer patients with cachexia: Results from a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Saunjoo L.","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science College of Nursing University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2302-8949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Grundmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science College of Nursing University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunshine Integrative Health Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucio","family":"Gordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Thomas J.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of 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