{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T07:49:06Z","timestamp":1776930546290,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,8]],"date-time":"2018-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective multicenter study to assess the clinical outcomes of carbon\u2010ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for head and neck malignancies (Japan Carbon\u2010Ion Radiation Oncology Study Group [J\u2010CROS] study: 1402 HN). We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CIRT in patients with external auditory canal (EAC) and middle ear (ME) carcinomas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010one patients treated with CIRT at four Japanese institutions were analyzed. Fourteen patients (45.2%) had squamous cell carcinomas, 13 (41.9%) had adenoid cystic carcinomas, and four (12.9%) had other types. Nineteen (61.3%), six (19.4%), three (9.7%), and three (9.7%) patients had T4, T3, T2, and T1 disease, respectively. All patients had N0M0 status. The median radiation dose was 64\u00a0Gy (relative biological effectiveness) in 16 fractions. The median gross tumor volume was 33.3\u00a0mL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median follow\u2010up period was 18.4\u00a0months (range, 5.1\u201085.6). The 1\u2010 and 3\u2010year local control and overall survival rates were 75.0% and 55.0% and 79.3% and 58.7%, respectively. Regarding grade 3 or higher toxicities, three patients (9.7%) had grade 3 dermatitis, one (3.2%) had grade 3 mucositis, and two (6.5%) had grade 3 central nervous necrosis (ie, radiation\u2010induced brain necrosis). No grade 4 or worse reactions were observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CIRT was effective for EAC and ME carcinomas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,9]],"date-time":"2018-12-09T05:10:10Z","timestamp":1544332210000},"page":"51-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A retrospective multicenter study of carbon\u2010ion radiotherapy for external auditory canal and middle ear carcinomas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5054-4629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Koto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Demizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center Tatsuno Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun\u2010ichi","family":"Saitoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Toyama Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1574-5510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Suefuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ion Beam Therapy Center SAGA\u2010HIMAT Foundation Tosu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Okimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center Tatsuno Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine &amp; 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