{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T11:03:53Z","timestamp":1770548633420,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Therapy of children with post\u2010transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) after hematopoietic stem cell (HSCT) and solid organ transplantation (SOT) can be challenging. In this retrospective study, we investigated PD\u2010L1 and PD1 expression in all PTLD categories of childhood and adolescence to see whether checkpoint inhibition with PD\u2010L1\/PD1 inhibitors may serve as a therapy option. We included 21 patients aged 19\u00a0years or younger (at date of transplant) with PTLD following SOT or HSCT having adequate tumor samples available (n\u00a0=\u00a029). Using immunohistochemistry, we evaluated PD\u2010L1\/PD1 expression on both tumor cells and cells of the microenvironment in all samples. Availability of consecutively matched tumor samples during 6 of 21 patients' disease courses also allowed an intra\u2010individual assessment of PD\u2010L1\/PD1 expression. We observed lower PD\u2010L1 and higher PD1 expression in non\u2010destructive lesions, and higher PD\u2010L1 and lower PD1 expression in polymorphic and, in particular, in monomorphic PTLD, mostly diffuse large B\u2010cell lymphomas (DLBCL, n\u00a0=\u00a010\/21). The amount of PD\u2010L1\u2010 and PD1\u2010positive cells changed in the opposite way in sequential biopsies of the same individual correlating well with the PTLD category. This is the first comprehensive pediatric study assessing PD\u2010L1 and PD1 expression on tumor cells and in the microenvironment of PTLD including not only monomorphic, but also non\u2010destructive early lesions. PD\u2010L1 expression of the tumor cells inversely correlated with PD1 expression in surrounding tissues, with the highest expression in DLBCL. Since PTLD can be therapeutically challenging, our results indicate a potential efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors if standard immune\u2010 and\/or chemotherapy fail or are impossible. We therefore recommend routine staining of PD\u2010L1 and PD1 in all PTLD categories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T12:49:10Z","timestamp":1562158150000},"page":"4656-4668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["PD\u2010L1 and PD1 expression in post\u2010transplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) of childhood and adolescence: An inter\u2010 and intra\u2010individual descriptive study covering the whole spectrum of PTLD categories"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ana\u2010Iris","family":"Schiefer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Salzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology St. Anna Children's Hospital Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"},{"name":"CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"F\u00fcreder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology St. Anna Children's Hospital Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zsolt","family":"Szepfalusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University of Vienna Vienna 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