{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T21:19:37Z","timestamp":1790543977077,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) represents a life\u2010threatening side effect after haploidentical stem cell transplantation (Haplo\u2010SCT) with posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PT\u2010Cy). Factors predictive of CRS development is still a matter of debate. We retrospectively analyzed 102 consecutive patients receiving a bone marrow (BM) (n\u00a0=\u00a042) or peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) (n\u00a0=\u00a060) Haplo\u2010SCT with PT\u2010Cy. The two cohorts were similar in main patients\u2019 characteristics besides disease type (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.02). Cumulative incidence of grades 1, 2, and \u22653 CRS was 80%, 52%, and 15% at a median of 2, 4, and 7\u00a0days, respectively. Moderate\/High\u2010grade fever (39\u00b0\u201041\u00b0), grade 1 and grade \u22653 CRS occurred more frequently after PBSC relative to BM grafts (68% vs 33%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0005; 87% vs 71%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.009; 20% vs 7%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.07). Only patients experiencing grade \u22653 CRS had a worse outcome in terms of 1\u2010year overall survival (OS) and nonrelapse mortality (NRM): 39% vs 80% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.002) and 40% vs 8% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.005), respectively. By univariate analysis the only factors associated with the increased risk of \u22653 CRS were pretransplant disease status (8% for complete remission, 11% for partial remission, and 38% for active disease,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.002), HLA\u2010DRB1 mismatching (57% vs 14%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.007), and PBSC graft (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.07). By multivariable analysis, only pretransplant disease status (hazard ratio, HR: 6.84,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.005) and HLA\u2010DRB1 mismatching (HR: 17.19,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.003) remained independent predictors of grade \u22653 CRS. Only grade \u22653 CRS is clinically relevant for the final outcome of patients receiving Haplo\u2010SCT with PT\u2010Cy, is more frequent after a PBSC graft and is associated with pretransplant active disease and HLA\u2010DRB1 mismatching.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T13:40:20Z","timestamp":1573220420000},"page":"52-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Pretransplant active disease status and HLA class II mismatching are associated with increased incidence and severity of cytokine release syndrome after haploidentical transplantation with posttransplant cyclophosphamide"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6528-9296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Mariotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Marrow Transplant Unit Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS-via Manzoni 56 Rozzano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Taurino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Marrow Transplant Unit Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS-via Manzoni 56 Rozzano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Marrow Transplant Unit Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS-via Manzoni 56 Rozzano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4117-7991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Bramanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone Marrow Transplant Unit Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS-via Manzoni 56 Rozzano 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