{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:29:50Z","timestamp":1777426190346,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,27]],"date-time":"2019-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Social Science Foundation of China","award":["16BGL183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16BGL183"]}]},{"name":"Research Fund of Health Bureau of Xi'an","award":["QFO1330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QFO1330"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study performed a competing\u2010risks analysis using data from the SEER database on penile cancer patients with the aim of identifying more accurate prognostic factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on patients with penile cancer were extracted from the SEER database. A univariate analysis used the cumulative incidence function and Gray's test, while multivariate analysis was performed using the Fine\u2010Gray model. Cumulative hazards were compared with a competing\u2010risks model constructed using Kaplan\u2010Meier estimation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The multivariate Fine\u2010Gray analysis indicated that being black (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.51, 95%CI: 1.10\u20102.07, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.01), AJCC stage II (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.94, 95%CI: 1.36\u20102.77, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), AJCC stage III (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.98, 95%CI: 1.34\u20102.91, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), tumor size\u00a0&gt;\u00a05\u00a0cm (HR\u00a0=\u00a02.23, 95%CI: 1.33\u20103.72, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05), and TNM stages N1 (HR\u00a0=\u00a02.49, 95%CI: 1.71\u20103.61, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), N2 (HR\u00a0=\u00a03.25, 95%CI: 2.18\u20104.84, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), N3 (HR\u00a0=\u00a05.05, 95%CI: 2.69\u20109.50, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), and M1 (HR\u00a0=\u00a02.21, 95%CI: 1.28\u20103.84, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) were statistically significant. The results obtained using multivariate Cox regression were different, while Kaplan\u2010Meier curve analysis led to an overestimation of the cumulative risk of the patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study established a competing\u2010risks analysis model for the first time based on the SEER database for the risk assessment of penile cancer patients. The results may help clinicians to better understand penile cancer and provide these patients with more appropriate support.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T05:33:52Z","timestamp":1572240832000},"page":"7881-7889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Competing\u2010risks model for predicting the prognosis of penile cancer based on the SEER database"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi China"},{"name":"School of Public Health Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an Shaanxi 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