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The primary objective was disease free survival rate (DFS) at 3\u2010years (expected 3\u2010year DFS rate: 73.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010eight patients (31 women; median age: 59\u00a0years; ECOG\u2010PS 0\u20101:98%; TNM II [29%] (T2 or T3\/N0\/M0)\/IIIA (T1\u2010T3\/N1\/M0 or T4\/N0\/M0) [21%]\/IIIB (T4\/N1\/M0 or any T\/N2 or N3\/M0) [47%]\/nonevaluable [4%]) were included. The median follow\u2010up was 45\u00a0months. The 3\u2010year DFS rate was 61.1% (95% CI: 47.1, 72.4). The 3\u2010year overall survival rate was 78.4% (95% CI: 65.1, 87.1). Eighteen patients (31.0%) required a colostomy within 2\u00a0years posttreatment. Grade 3\u20104 toxicities were experienced by 53 (91%) patients. Most common grade 3\u20104 treatment\u2010related events were radiation skin injury (40%) and neutropenia (24%). No toxic deaths occurred. Improved efficacy in colostomy\u2010free survival and complete response rate was observed in human papilloma virus positive patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Panitumumab addition to MMC\u20105FU regimen in SCCAC patients increases toxicity and does not improve patients\u2019 outcomes. RT plus MMC\u20105FU remains the standard of care for localized SCCAC patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]],"date-time":"2019-12-18T18:27:20Z","timestamp":1576693640000},"page":"1008-1016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["VITAL phase 2 study: Upfront 5\u2010fluorouracil, mitomycin\u2010C, panitumumab and radiotherapy treatment in nonmetastatic squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal (GEMCAD 09\u201002)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4867-1420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Feliu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology CIBERONC Catedra UAM\u2010AMGEN Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid 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