{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T07:51:33Z","timestamp":1776498693213,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,14]],"date-time":"2012-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1347580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>While the prognostic significance of lymphovascular space invasion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVSI<\/jats:styled-content>) is well established in endometrial and cervical cancer, its role in ovarian cancer is not fully understood. First, a training cohort was conducted to explore whether the presence and quantity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVSI<\/jats:styled-content> within the ovarian tumor correlated with nodal metastasis and survival (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0127). Next, the results of the training cohort were applied to a different study population (validation cohort, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a093). In both cohorts, histopathology slides of epithelial ovarian cancer cases that underwent primary cytoreductive surgery including pelvic and\/or aortic lymphadenectomy were examined. In a post hoc analysis, the significance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVSI<\/jats:styled-content> was evaluated in apparent stage I cases (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a053). In the training cohort, the majority of patients had advanced\u2010stage disease (82.7%). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVSI<\/jats:styled-content> was observed in 79.5% of cases, and nodal metastasis was the strongest variable associated with the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVSI<\/jats:styled-content> (odds ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>]: 7.99, 95% confidence interval [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>]: 1.98\u201332.1, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003) in multivariate analysis. The presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVSI<\/jats:styled-content> correlated with a worsened progression\u2010free survival on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>]: 2.06, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.01\u20134.24, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.048). The significance of the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVSI<\/jats:styled-content> was reproduced in the validation cohort (majority, early stage 61.3%). In apparent stage I cases, the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVSI<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with a high negative predictive value for nodal metastasis (100%, likelihood ratio, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.034) and with worsened progression\u2010free survival (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 5.16, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.00\u201326.6, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.028). The presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LVSI<\/jats:styled-content> is an independent predictive indicator of nodal metastasis and is associated with worse clinical outcome of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.31","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,15]],"date-time":"2012-09-15T03:11:40Z","timestamp":1347678700000},"page":"156-164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Significance of lymphovascular space invasion in epithelial ovarian cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Koji","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles County Medical Center University of Southern California Los Angeles CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd B.","family":"Sheridan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Mercy Medical Center Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Yoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Faculty of Medicine Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahito","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Faculty of Medicine Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karina E.","family":"Hew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology Center Mercy Medical Center Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dwight D.","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology Center Mercy Medical Center Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil B.","family":"Rosenshein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecologic Oncology Center Mercy Medical Center Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Mabuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Faculty of Medicine Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Faculty of Medicine Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Faculty of Medicine Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anil 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