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Peripheral blood was obtained from 327 untreated patients with cancer and 158 healthy volunteers. Levels of lymphocyte\u00a0subsets were determined by flow cytometry. There were decreased levels of natural killer (NK) cells, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, and na\u00efve CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in untreated patients with cancer compared to those in healthy controls. Inversely,\u00a0there were elevated levels of the following T\u2010cell percentages in cancer patients compared to those in healthy controls: memory CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, HLA\u2010DR\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>. In addition, there are a decreasing trend in terms of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell counts and an increase CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> HLA\u2010DR\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell percentages in the advanced stage. An increasing trend with advanced tumor stage and the percentages of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> HLA\u2010DR\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells was shown in this study. There are a negative correlation for CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell counts and positive correlation for percentages of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> HLA\u2010DR\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells with the lymph node metastasis. In the presence of distant metastatic spread, we observed higher NK\u2010cell counts, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> HLA\u2010DR\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell percentages, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell percentages, as well as lower CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell counts than those in the absence of distant metastases spread. Abnormal levels of NK cell, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, memory CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, na\u00efve CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/ CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> HLA\u2010DR\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> can be a potential blood biomarkers of cancer development. CD4+ T\u2010cell counts and percentages of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> HLA\u2010DR\/ CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD38<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/ CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> can predict the cancer progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,27]],"date-time":"2020-05-27T11:16:45Z","timestamp":1590578205000},"page":"5086-5094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Circulating activated lymphocyte subsets as potential blood biomarkers of cancer progression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ying\u2010Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 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