{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:56:18Z","timestamp":1784739378846,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased risk of a second primary malignancy (SPM) before or after diagnosis of anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) has been reported in a previous single\u2010institution study. We hypothesize that patients diagnosed with ASCC are at increased risk for developing SPMs before or after the diagnosis of ASCC. The primary objective of this study was to identify the diagnoses of cancer most likely to occur as SPMs before or after ASCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This work employs the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program registry data to conduct a US\u2010population\u2010based study of patients diagnosed with ASCC between 1975 and 2016. In patients diagnosed with ASCC, we evaluated the risk of SPMs and the risk of developing ASCC as an SPM after another cancer using standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for all SPMs by calculating the ratio of observed events in the ASCC cohort compared to expected (O\/E) events in a matched reference cohort of the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 7,594 patients with primary ASCC were included. Patients with ASCC were at increased risk of the diagnosis of an SPM (SIR\u00a0=\u00a01.45), particularly cancers of the lung, vulva, oropharynx, or colon. Patients with ASCC had an increased rate of previous malignancy (SIR\u00a0=\u00a01.23), especially Kaposi sarcoma or vulvar cancer. Overall elevated incidence of SPMs was unrelated to prior radiation treatment. Radiation treatment was associated with increased risk for SPMs in the female genital system but appeared protective against prostate cancer as SPMs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings support increased surveillance and screening for second malignancies in patients with these diagnoses, as patients with ASCC are often either survivors of a prior cancer diagnosis or are at increased risk of developing later malignancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T23:27:33Z","timestamp":1620516453000},"page":"3575-3583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Malignancies diagnosed before and after anal squamous cell carcinomas: A SEER registry analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3103-4575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krupa S.","family":"Jani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shou\u2010En","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences Altman Clinical Translational Research Institute University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul B.","family":"Romesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishan R.","family":"Jethwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Radiology Yale University New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4593-4582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anupama","family":"Chundury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham J.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Hathout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Hallemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salma K.","family":"Jabbour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21590"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society.Cancer Treatment and Survivorship Facts and Figures 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