{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:22:26Z","timestamp":1791829346135,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009945","name":"Merck KGaA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009945","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010dose corticosteroids have been associated with increased risk of serious infection in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T\u2010lymphocyte antigen 4. This potential association needs to be examined further among patients with other cancer types and for other immune checkpoint inhibitors. We examined whether receipt of high\u2010dose corticosteroids was associated with increased rates of hospitalization for infection among 981\u00a0Danish renal, urothelial, and lung cancer patients followed from first administration of programmed death receptor 1 (PD\u20101)\/programmed death ligand 1 (PD\u2010L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors. Our cohort analysis was based on the information from national medical registries. During follow\u2010up, 522 patients (53.2%) initiated treatment with high\u2010dose corticosteroids and 317 patients (32.3%) experienced at least one hospitalization for infection. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, and previous use of chemotherapy\/targeted therapy, initiation of high\u2010dose systemic corticosteroids was associated with increased rate of hospitalization for infections (hazard ratio (HR)\u00a0=\u00a02.96, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a02.41\u20133.65) even in patients not receiving any chemotherapy\/targeted therapy (HR\u00a0=\u00a03.66, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a02.25\u20135.96). Our findings showed that high\u2010dose corticosteroid initiation is associated with hospitalization for infection in patients treated with PD\u20101\/PD\u2010L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clinicians and patients should be aware of this risk of infection when initiating treatment with high\u2010dose corticosteroids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T07:09:00Z","timestamp":1623222540000},"page":"4957-4963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["High\u2010dose corticosteroid use and risk of hospitalization for infection in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors\u2013\u2013A nationwide register\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1942-683X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Signe","family":"S\u00f8rup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianka","family":"Darvalics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Worldwide Medical and Safety Pfizer Collegeville PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Oksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Epidemiology Merck KGaA Darmstadt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francois\u2010Xavier","family":"Lamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Epidemiology Merck KGaA Darmstadt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Verpillat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Epidemiology Merck KGaA Darmstadt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"AA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8rensen","family":"HT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre","family":"Cronin\u2010Fenton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-019-03894-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1703481"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.0393"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-018-0770-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.6385"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdx225"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw539"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2020.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-2080-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810393562"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S91125"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"798\u2010f","article-title":"Data resource profile: the Danish national prescription registry","volume":"46","author":"Pottegard A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176345976"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"717","article-title":"The Danish unique personal identifier and the Danish Civil Registration System as a tool for research and quality improvement","volume":"31","author":"Mainz J","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Quality Health Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S179083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2014.05.011"}],"container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cam4.4040","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cam4.4040","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cam4.4040","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T21:03:10Z","timestamp":1693342990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cam4.4040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cam4.4040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.4040","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7634","2045-7634"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7634","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7634","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}