{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:39:30Z","timestamp":1790386770242,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32CA092203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32CA092203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Racial and ethnic minority status, structural racism, low educational attainment, and poverty are consistently associated with cancer disparities and with higher rates of incarceration. The objective of this scoping review is to conduct a qualitative synthesis of the literature on cancer prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disparities in these outcomes for incarcerated and formerly incarcerated patients, as this literature is fragmented and heterogenous.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review included Bureau of Justice Statistics reports and searched PubMed in May 2021 for all English language studies published between 1990 and 30 April 2021, that reported on cancer prevalence, incidence, or mortality for incarcerated or formerly incarcerated individuals in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty studies were selected. Data on cancer prevalence and incidence were scarce but suggested that incarcerated and formerly incarcerated patients have a similar overall risk of cancer diagnosis as the general population, but elevated risk of certain cancers such as cervical, lung, colorectal, and hepatocellular carcinoma for which effective prevention and screening interventions exist. Cancer mortality data in state and local jails as well as prisons were robust and suggests that both incarcerated and formerly incarcerated patients have higher cancer mortality than the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incarcerated and formerly incarcerated patients likely have a higher risk of dying from cancer than the general population, but important gaps in our knowledge about the extent and drivers of disparities for this population remain. Additional research is needed to guide interventions to reduce cancer disparities for patients experiencing incarceration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T06:47:51Z","timestamp":1630651671000},"page":"7277-7288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Disparities in cancer prevalence, incidence, and mortality for incarcerated and formerly incarcerated patients: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0928-3492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Manz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Sciences Department of Medical Oncology Dana\u2010Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varshini S.","family":"Odayar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard University Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Schrag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Sciences Department of Medical Oncology Dana\u2010Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Cancer Disparities: A Chartbook","author":"American Cancer Society","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"CarsonEA Prisoners in 2018. Bureau of Justice Statistics;2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.United States Cancer Statistics: Data Visualizations. Published 2020. Accessed December 8 2021.https:\/\/gis.cdc.gov\/Cancer\/USCS\/#\/AtAGlance\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Correctional Populations in the United States, 2017\u20132018","author":"Maruschak LM","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"At America\u2019s Expense: The Mass Incarceration of the Elderly","author":"American Civil Liberties Union","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.090662"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"CarsonEA CowhigMP.Mortality in State and Federal Prisons 2001\u20102016 \u2010 Statistical Tables. 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