{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:39:22Z","timestamp":1791362362583,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81874137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81874137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002822","name":"Central South University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BJ202001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJ202001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002822","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002822","name":"Central South University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021zzts0401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021zzts0401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002822","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is characterized by aggressive invasion and poor prognosis. Currently, immune checkpoint inhibitors may prolong overall survival compared with conventional treatments. However, PD1\/PDL1\u00a0remain inapplicable in predicting the prognosis of TSCC; thus, it is urgent to explore the genetic characteristics of TSCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We utilized single\u2010sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to classify TSCC patients from the TCGA database into clusters with different immune cell infiltrations. ESTIMATE (immune\u2010related scores) and CIBERSORT (immune cell distribution) analyses were used to evaluate the immune landscape among clusters. GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses were performed to analyze the different underlying molecular mechanisms in the clusters. Based on the immune characteristics, we applied the LASSO Cox regression to select hub genes and construct a prognostic risk model. Finally, we established an interactive network among these hub genes by using Cytoscape, and a pan\u2010cancer analysis to further verify and decipher the innate function of these genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using ssGSEA, we constructed three functional clusters with different overall survival and immune\u2010cell infiltration. ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT analyses revealed the different distributions of immune cells (T cells, B cells, and macrophages) with diverse immune\u2010related scores (ESTIMATE, immune, stromal, and tumor purity scores). Moreover, pathways including those of the interferon\u2010gamma response, hypoxia, and glycolysis of the different subtypes were investigated to elucidate their involvement in mediating the heterogeneous immune characteristics. Subsequently, after LASSO Cox regression, a signature of 15 immune\u2010related genes was established that is more prognostically effective than the TNM stage. Furthermore, three hub genes\u2014<jats:italic>PGK1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>GPI<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>RPE<\/jats:italic>\u2014were selected using Cytoscape evaluation and verified by immunohistochemistry. <jats:italic>PGK1<\/jats:italic>, the foremost regulator, was a comprehensively profiled pan\u2010cancer, and a <jats:italic>PGK1<\/jats:italic>\u2010based interactive network was established.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that immune\u2010related genes and clusters in TSCC have the potential to guide individualized treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T12:23:09Z","timestamp":1634818989000},"page":"8693-8707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Identification of novel subtypes based on ssGSEA in immune\u2010related prognostic signature for tongue squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8521-634X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology Department of Radiation Oncology Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3655-0704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanwang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Third 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