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The association is still controversial; the purpose of this review is to summarize the scientific evidence published in the literature regarding the relationship between ionizing radiation and incidence of mesothelioma and, if possible, estimating strongness of the association by meta\u2010analysis of extracted data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Articles included in the systematic review were retrieved by searching among the three main scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. The literature search was conducted in June 2021. A meta\u2010analysis of random effects was conducted, stratified by exposure (EBRT, occupational exposure). The heterogeneity of the summary relative risks (RRs) was assessed using <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0statistics. Publication bias was evaluated graphically through the funnel plot.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The exposure to ionizing radiation could be a risk factor for mesothelioma: both for exposure to high doses for short periods (EBRT) (RR of 3.34 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.24\u20138.99]) and for exposure to low doses for a prolonged duration (exposure working) (RR of 3.57 [95% CI 2.16\u20135.89]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the low number of mesotheliomas in the general population, the steadily increased risk among individuals exposed to radiation is still worth considering.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T08:40:02Z","timestamp":1642149602000},"page":"778-789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Relationship between exposure to ionizing radiation and mesothelioma risk: A systematic review of the scientific literature and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2246-2321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Visci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero\u2010Universitaria di Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Rizzello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department Local Health Unit of Imola  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7220-4614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlotta","family":"Zunarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero\u2010Universitaria di Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4084-2782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco Saverio","family":"Violante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero\u2010Universitaria di Bologna  Bologna Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3811-2791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Boffetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"},{"name":"Stony Brook Cancer Center Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr.2019.11.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-008-0067-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.registri\u2010tumori.it\/cms\/. 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