{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:57:36Z","timestamp":1792292256303,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anal canal cancer (ACC) has been reported to be an uncommon cancer in Japan, as in the USA, Europe, and Australia. This retrospective multi\u2010institutional study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of ACC in Japan. First, the histological ACC type cases treated between 1991 and 2015 were collected. A detailed analysis of the characteristics of anal canal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases was then conducted. The results of the histological types revealed that of the 1781 ACC cases, 435 cases (24.4%) including seven cases of adenosquamous cell carcinomas were SCC and 1260 cases (70.7%) were adenocarcinoma. However, the most common histological type reported in the USA, Europe, and Australia is SCC. Most ACC cases are adenocarcinomas and there is a low incidence of SCC in Japan which is different from the above\u2010mentioned countries. Moreover, we reclassified T4 into the following two groups based on tumor size: T4a (tumor diameter of 5\u00a0cm or less) and T4b (tumor diameter of more than 5\u00a0cm). The results of the TNM classification of SCC revealed that the hazard ratio (HR) to T1 of T2, T3, T4a, and T4b was 2.45, 2.28, 2.89, and 4.97, respectively. As T4b cases had a worse prognosis than T4a cases, we propose that T4 for anal canal SCC in Japan be subclassified into T4a and T4b.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T02:41:23Z","timestamp":1646966483000},"page":"2735-2743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Characteristics of anal canal cancer in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1385-3347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Coloproctology Center Takano Hospital  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasumitsu","family":"Saiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Coloproctology Center Takano Hospital  Kumamoto 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 Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koya","family":"Hida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Kyoto University Hospital  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiichiro","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Tokai University School of Medicine  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Shiozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Kanagawa Cancer Center  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soichiro","family":"Ishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology The University of Tokyo  Tokyo 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