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The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnosis of IBC<\/jats:styled-content> at two centers in N<\/jats:styled-content>orth A<\/jats:styled-content>frica where a higher proportion of breast cancer is diagnosed as IBC<\/jats:styled-content> than in the U<\/jats:styled-content>nited S<\/jats:styled-content>tates (U<\/jats:styled-content>.S<\/jats:styled-content>.). Physicians prospectively enrolled suspected IBC<\/jats:styled-content> cases at the National Cancer Institute (NCI<\/jats:styled-content>)\u00a0\u2013\u00a0C<\/jats:styled-content>airo, E<\/jats:styled-content>gypt, and the I<\/jats:styled-content>nstitut S<\/jats:styled-content>alah A<\/jats:styled-content>zaiz (ISA<\/jats:styled-content>), T<\/jats:styled-content>unisia, recorded extent and duration of signs\/symptoms of IBC<\/jats:styled-content> on standardized forms, and took digital photographs of the breast. After second\u2010level review at study hospitals, photographs and clinical information for confirmed IBC<\/jats:styled-content> cases were reviewed by two U<\/jats:styled-content>.S<\/jats:styled-content>. oncologists. We calculated percent agreement between study hospital and U<\/jats:styled-content>.S<\/jats:styled-content>. oncologist diagnoses. Among cases confirmed by at least one U<\/jats:styled-content>.S<\/jats:styled-content>. oncologist, we calculated median extent and duration of signs and S<\/jats:styled-content>pearman correlations. At least one U<\/jats:styled-content>.S<\/jats:styled-content>. oncologist confirmed the IBC<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis for 69% (39\/50) of cases with photographs at the NCI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010C<\/jats:styled-content>airo and 88% (21\/24) of cases at the ISA<\/jats:styled-content>. All confirmed cases had at least one sign of IBC<\/jats:styled-content> (erythema, edema, peau d'orange) that covered at least one\u2010third of the breast. The median duration of signs ranged from 1 to 3\u00a0months; extent and duration of signs were not statistically significantly correlated. From the above\u2010mentioned outcomes, it can be concluded that the diagnosis of a substantial proportion of IBC<\/jats:styled-content> cases is unambiguous, but a subset is difficult to distinguish from other types of locally advanced breast cancer. Among confirmed cases, the extent of signs was not related to delay in diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.48","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,24]],"date-time":"2013-01-24T16:26:58Z","timestamp":1359044818000},"page":"178-184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Assessment of diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer cases at two cancer centers in E<\/scp>gypt and T<\/scp>unisia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Schairer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute 6120 Executive Blvd Rockville Maryland 208522010;7234"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amr S.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska 68198\u20104355"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherif","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery National Cancer Institute Cairo University Fom El Khalig Sq Cairo 11796 Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hussein","family":"Khaled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute Cairo University Fom El Khalig Sq Cairo 11796 Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"Eissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department National Cancer Institute Cairo University Fom El Khalig Sq Cairo 11796 Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farhat Ben","family":"Ayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Salah Azaiz Boulevard du 9 Avril Bab\u2010S\u00e2adoun Tunis 1006 Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Khalafallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Salah Azaiz Boulevard du 9 Avril Bab\u2010S\u00e2adoun Tunis 1006 Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wided Ben","family":"Ayoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Salah Azaiz Boulevard du 9 Avril Bab\u2010S\u00e2adoun Tunis 1006 Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth D.","family":"Kantor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of Michigan 1415 Washington Heights Ann Arbor Michigan 48109\u20102029"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Merajver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan 48109\u20102029"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra M.","family":"Swain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Branch National Naval Medical Center 8901 Wisconsin Avenue Bldg 8 Room 5101 Bethesda Maryland 20889\u20105105"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Gail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute 6120 Executive Blvd Rockville Maryland 208522010;7234"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda Morris","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute 6120 Executive Blvd Rockville Maryland 208522010;7234"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BD-2006-22105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"345","volume-title":"AJCC cancer staging manual","author":"Edge S.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2007.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4741.2009.00755.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25175"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"Cancer in Egypt, Gharbiah: triennial report of 2000\u20132002 Gharbiah Population\u2010Based Cancer Registry","author":"Ibrahim A. 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