{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T01:44:51Z","timestamp":1785894291760,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010096","name":"Southern Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010096","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81972897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81972897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81773008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81773008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background &amp; aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICIs<\/jats:styled-content>) play an increasingly important role in the treatment of primary liver cancer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLC<\/jats:styled-content>). Some patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLC<\/jats:styled-content> experience symptoms of splenomegaly. Splenomegaly may affect the efficacy of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICIs<\/jats:styled-content> due to an imbalance of the immune microenvironment. Currently, there is a lack of evidence on the relationship between splenomegaly and prognosis in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLC<\/jats:styled-content> treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICIs<\/jats:styled-content>. This study analyzed the relationship between splenomegaly and prognosis in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLC<\/jats:styled-content> treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICIs.<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective cohort study of 161 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLC<\/jats:styled-content> treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICIs<\/jats:styled-content>, splenomegaly was diagnosed using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and the impact of splenomegaly on patient survival was analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, we determined that splenomegaly was associated with shortened overall survival (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002) and progression\u2010free survival (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.013) in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLC<\/jats:styled-content> treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICIs<\/jats:styled-content>. Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis further validated our results. The overall survival and progression\u2010free survival of patients with splenomegaly were significantly shorter than those of patients without splenomegaly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We concluded that splenomegaly was a predictor of prognosis in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLC<\/jats:styled-content> treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICIs<\/jats:styled-content>. This is the first study to report this important finding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T07:08:59Z","timestamp":1653289739000},"page":"4880-4888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Splenomegaly in predicting the survival of patients with advanced primary liver cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lu\u2010Shan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Data Center, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng\u2010Yi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Data Center, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou First People's Hospital School of Medicine, South China University of Technology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui\u2010Ning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou 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