{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T16:42:36Z","timestamp":1783183356026,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reproductive history and genetics are well\u2010known risk factors of breast cancer (BC). Little is known about how these factors interact to effect BC. This study investigated the association of ten polymorphisms in DNA repair genes with BC susceptibility in the Tanzanian samples and further analyzed the association between reproductive risk factors and disease risk<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A hospital\u2010based case\u2013control study in 263 histopathological confirmed BC patients and 250 age\u2010matched cancer\u2010free controls was carried out. Allelic, genotypic, and haplotype association analyses were executed. Also, multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR), and interaction dendrogram approaches were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frequency of genotypic and allelic variants of <jats:italic>XRCC1<\/jats:italic>\u2010Arg399Gln (rs25487), <jats:italic>XRCC2<\/jats:italic>\u2010Arg188His (rs3218536), <jats:italic>XRCC3<\/jats:italic>\u2010Thr241Met (rs861539), <jats:italic>XPG<\/jats:italic>\u2010Asp1104His (rs17655), and <jats:italic>MSH2<\/jats:italic>\u2010Gly322Asp (rs4987188) were significantly different between the groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Moreover, <jats:italic>XRCC1<\/jats:italic>\u2010Arg399Gln (rs25487), <jats:italic>XRCC3<\/jats:italic>\u2010Thr241Met (rs861539), and <jats:italic>XPG<\/jats:italic>\u2010Asp1104His (rs17655) were associated with the increased risk of BC in co\u2010dominant, dominant, recessive, and additive genetic\u2010inheritance models (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). <jats:italic>XRCC1<\/jats:italic>\u2010Arg\/Gln genotype indicated a 3.1\u2010fold increased risk of BC in pre\u2010menopausal patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001) while <jats:italic>XPG<\/jats:italic>\u2010His\/His genotype showed a 1.2\u2010fold increased risk in younger BC patients (&lt;40\u2009years) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.028). Asp\/His+His\/His genotypes indicated a 1.3\u2010fold increased risk of BC in PR+ patients and a 1.1\u2010fold decreased risk of BC in luminal\u2010A patients (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.014, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.020, respectively). MDR analysis revealed a positive interaction between BC and the <jats:italic>XPG<\/jats:italic>\u2010Asp1104His (rs17655) together with family history of cancer in the first\u2010degree relatives. Dendrogram analysis indicated that the <jats:italic>XPG<\/jats:italic>\u2010Asp1104His (rs17655) and family history of cancer in first\u2010degree relatives were significantly synergistic and might be associated with an elevated risk of BC in Tanzania.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>XPG<\/jats:italic>\u2010Asp1104His (rs17655) might exert both independent and interactive effects on BC development in the Tanzanian women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T13:58:18Z","timestamp":1655042298000},"page":"472-487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The interplay between <scp><i>XPG<\/i>\u2010Asp1104His<\/scp> polymorphism and reproductive risk factors elevates risk of breast cancer in Tanzanian women: A multiple interaction 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