{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:04:29Z","timestamp":1779293069018,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Manual cytological diagnosis for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (early ESCC) and high\u2010grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) is unsatisfactory. Herein, we have introduced an artificial intelligence (AI)\u2010assisted cytological diagnosis for such lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse was set as the diagnostic threshold for AI\u2010assisted diagnosis. The performance of AI\u2010assisted diagnosis was evaluated and compared to that of manual diagnosis. Feasibility in large\u2010scale screening was also assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>AI\u2010assisted diagnosis for abnormal cells was superior to manual reading by presenting a higher efficiency for each slide (50.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8\u00a0s vs 236.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.9\u00a0s, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.52\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u221276<\/jats:sup>) and a better interobserver agreement (93.27% [95% CI, 92.76%\u201393.74%] vs 65.29% [95% CI, 64.35%\u201366.22%], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.03\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u221284<\/jats:sup>). AI\u2010assisted detection showed a higher diagnostic accuracy (96.89% [92.38%\u201398.57%] vs 72.54% [65.85%\u201378.35%], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.42\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u221214<\/jats:sup>), sensitivity (99.35% [95.92%\u201399.97%] vs 68.39% [60.36%\u201375.48%], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07.11\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u221215<\/jats:sup>), and negative predictive value (NPV) (97.06% [82.95%\u201399.85%] vs 40.96% [30.46%\u201352.31%], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.42\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u221214<\/jats:sup>). Specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) were not significantly differed. AI\u2010assisted diagnosis demonstrated a smaller proportion of participants of interest (3.73%, [79\/2117] vs.12.84% [272\/2117], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.59\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u221258<\/jats:sup>), a higher consistence between cytology and endoscopy (40.51% [32\/79] vs. 12.13% [33\/272], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.54\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>8), specificity (97.74% [96.98%\u201398.32%] vs 88.52% [87.05%\u201389.84%], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03.19\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u221258<\/jats:sup>), and PPV (40.51% [29.79%\u201352.15%] vs 12.13% [8.61%\u201316.75%], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.54\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>) in community\u2010based screening. Sensitivity and NPV were not significantly differed. AI\u2010assisted diagnosis as primary screening significantly reduced average cost for detecting positive cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study provides a novel cytological method for detecting and screening early ESCC and HGIN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T09:39:34Z","timestamp":1656495574000},"page":"1228-1236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Artificial intelligence assisted cytological detection for early esophageal squamous epithelial lesions by using low\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesion as diagnostic threshold"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory of Image Science and Technology Southeast University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Froeasy Technology Development CO., LTD Red Maple Park of Technological Industry  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9259-3840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yadong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine Zhongda Hospital Southeast University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Jintan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University  Changzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Jintan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University  Changzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine Zhongda Hospital Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peilin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Zhongda Hospital Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juncai","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Froeasy Technology Development CO., LTD Red Maple Park of Technological Industry  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine Zhongda Hospital Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine Zhongda Hospital Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine Zhongda Hospital Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huazhong","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Laboratory of Image Science and Technology Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4977-8801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruihua","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine Zhongda Hospital Southeast University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Jintan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University  Changzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2020.11754"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30007-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19971201)80:11<2047::AID-CNCR3>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2015.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23798"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.506"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13975"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Detection of cervical cancer and high grade neoplastic lesions by a combination of liquid\u2010based sampling preparation and DNA measurements using automated image cytometry","volume":"27","author":"Sun XR","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasc.2019.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-019-0106-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2020.07.099"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001499"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338211066200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000477556"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-016-3239-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000325430"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605843"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-315520"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000496567"}],"container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cam4.4984","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cam4.4984","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cam4.4984","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T13:45:40Z","timestamp":1692452740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cam4.4984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cam4.4984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.4984","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7634","2045-7634"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7634","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7634","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}