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The risk of breast cancer is reduced by 4.3% for every 12\u2009months of breastfeeding, this is in addition to the 7.0% decrease in risk observed for each birth. Breastfeeding reduces the risk of Triple\u2010Negative Breast Cancer (20%) and in carriers of BRCA1 mutations (22\u201355%). The mechanisms of reduced risk as a result of pregnancy are related to changes in RNA processing and cellular differentiation. The UK has a low rate of breastfeeding (81%) and this is contrasted to countries with higher (Sweden, Australia) and lower rates (Ireland). The low UK rate is in part due to a lack of experience in the population, todays grandmothers have less experience with breastfeeding (62%) than their daughters. An estimated 4.7% of breast cancer cases in the UK are caused by not breastfeeding. The UK only has 43% of maternity services with full Baby\u2010Friendly accreditation which promotes compliance with the WHO \u2018Ten Steps to Successful Breast Feeding\u2019. Legislation in the UK and Europe is far short of the WHO Guidance on restricting the advertising of formula milk. Expansion of the Baby\u2010Friendly Hospital Initiative, stricter laws on the advertising of formula milk and legislation to support nursing mothers in the workplace have the potential to increase breastfeeding in the UK. Women with a family history of breast cancer should particularly be supported to breastfeed as a way of reducing their risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T01:19:19Z","timestamp":1664241559000},"page":"4616-4625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Breastfeeding reduces the risk of breast cancer: A call for action in high\u2010income countries with low rates of breastfeeding"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7892-951X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Britta","family":"Stordal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences Middlesex University London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"104","key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Optimal breastfeeding practices and infant and child mortality: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"2015","author":"Sankar MJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Oslo nor"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_3_1","volume-title":"Short\u2010term effects of breastfeeding: a systematic review on the benefits of breastfeeding on diarrhoea and pneumonia mortality","author":"Horta BL","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13151"},{"issue":"104","key":"e_1_2_17_5_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Breastfeeding and asthma and allergies: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"2015","author":"Lodge CJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Oslo nor"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13133"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.011056"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2018.6970"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2013.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3247-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13102"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv379"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_13_1","unstructured":"Birth characteristics in England and Wales: 2017.2018.Office for National Statistics. 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