{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T19:08:52Z","timestamp":1783969732351,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008837","name":"Shanghai Chest Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatments for advanced small\u2010cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients who are resistant to first\u2010line chemotherapy are limited. Given that antiangiogenic agents and immune\u2010checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can confer synergistic therapeutic benefits, combination therapy should be considered. We explored the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with anlotinib and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD\u20101)\/programmed cell death\u2010ligand 1 (PD\u2010L1) inhibitors as second\u2010line and subsequent therapy for advanced SCLC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed advanced SCLC patients at Shanghai Chest Hospital who had received anlotinib in combination with ICIs from November 2016 to November 2020 as second\u2010 and subsequent\u2010line treatment. Patients with advanced SCLC who had received paclitaxel monotherapy as second\u2010line treatment were included as the control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 141 patients were included in the final analysis (40 in the combination therapy group and 101 in the paclitaxel monotherapy group). The median progression\u2010free survival (PFS) times for the combination therapy and paclitaxel monotherapy groups were 3.40 and 2.83\u2009months (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.022), respectively, while the median overall survival (OS) times for the combination therapy and paclitaxel monotherapy groups were 8.20 and 5.87\u2009months (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.048), respectively. Hypertension and hepatic dysfunction were the most pronounced adverse events of combination therapy and two patients changed regimens due to severe fatigue and anorexia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The combination of anlotinib and PD\u20101\/PD\u2010L1 blockade has promising efficacy and safety as a second\u2010line or subsequent therapy for SCLC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T10:32:47Z","timestamp":1666002767000},"page":"5372-5383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with <scp>PD<\/scp>\u20101\/<scp>PD\u2010L1<\/scp> inhibitors as second\u2010line and subsequent therapy in advanced small\u2010cell lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5410-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lian","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianlin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University  Shanghai 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