{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:43:38Z","timestamp":1792014218952,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RR180061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RR180061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immune checkpoint proteins play critical functions during the immune response to cancer and have been targeted by immune checkpoint blockade therapy. V\u2010domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VSIR) is one of these immune checkpoint genes and has been investigated extensively in recent years due to its conflicting roles in cancer immunity. Specifically, in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the prognostic value of <jats:italic>VSIR<\/jats:italic> is debated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In both patient tumor samples and cancer cell lines we find that <jats:italic>VSIR<\/jats:italic> has the highest expression in AML out of all cancer types and, in AML, has the highest expression out of all other immune checkpoint genes. Survival analysis indicated that AML patients with higher <jats:italic>VSIR<\/jats:italic> expression have significantly shorter survival than those patients with lower expression, even within established AML subgroups (e.g., FAB subtypes). Importantly, <jats:italic>VSIR<\/jats:italic> expression is predictive of progression from myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients into AML, suggesting its potential role during the very early stage of AML development and progression. In addition to AML, <jats:italic>VSIR<\/jats:italic> also demonstrates prognostic values in other cancer types, including multiple myeloma and mesothelioma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In summary, our analyses revealed the prognostic value of <jats:italic>VSIR<\/jats:italic> and its potential as a target for immunotherapy, especially in AML.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T05:22:31Z","timestamp":1668662551000},"page":"5590-5602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Immune checkpoint gene <scp><i>VSIR<\/i><\/scp> predicts patient prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6369-655X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9194-7042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences Rice University  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3821-3568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelien","family":"Schaafsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Systems Biology Dartmouth College  Lebanon New Hampshire USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Data Science The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College  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