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We addressed this issue by focusing on AIRE, an mTEC\u2010specific transcriptional regulator that is required for immunological self\u2010tolerance. We found that a large proportion of TCs expressed AIRE with typical nuclear dot morphology by immunohistochemistry. AIRE expression in TCs was supported by the RNA\u2010seq data in the TCGA\u2010THYM database. Furthermore, our bioinformatics approach to the recent single\u2010cell RNA\u2010seq data on human thymi has revealed that TCs hold molecular characteristics of multiple mTEC subpopulations. In contrast, TCs lacked the gene signatures for cTECs. We propose that TCs are tumors derived from mTECs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T09:45:48Z","timestamp":1678700748000},"page":"9843-9848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["<scp>AIRE<\/scp> illuminates the feature of medullary thymic epithelial cells in thymic carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1955-6821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minoru","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences  Tokushima Japan"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Immunology Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University  Tokushima 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