{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T08:09:58Z","timestamp":1790237398831,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are no previous reports on the main causes of death in biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the main causes of death and survival rates in patients with BTC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively evaluated 143 patients who were diagnosed with unresectable BTC between August 2010 and March 2020. We classified the main causes of death based on laboratory data, imaging studies, and medical records. The main causes of death evaluated included liver failure, cholangitis, cachexia, other causes associated with tumor progression, and complications. We also analyzed survival rates for each main cause of death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After excluding patients who were lost to follow\u2010up, living patients, and patients who had no records of laboratory data within 30\u2009days before the date of death, 108 patients were analyzed. The main cause of death was cholangitis in 33 (30.6%), cachexia in 22 (20.4%), liver failure in 10 (9.3%), other causes associated with tumor progression in 18 (16.7%), and complications in 25 (23.2%) patients. Median overall survival (OS) was 334.0\u2009days in the chemotherapy group and 75.0\u2009days in the best supportive care (BSC) group. Survival analyzed according to the main cause of death was significantly different between the chemotherapy and BSC groups; OS for cachexia, cholangitis, liver failure, other causes associated with tumor progression, and complications, respectively, were 453.0, 499.0, 567.0, 205.0, and 327.5\u2009days (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003) in the chemotherapy group and 219.0, 69.0, 34.0, 93.0, and 56.0\u2009days (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001) in the BSC group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The main causes of death in patients with advanced BTC are cholangitis, cachexia, liver failure, other causes associated with tumor progression, and complications. Other causes associated with tumor progression in the chemotherapy group, and liver failure in the BSC group as the main causes of death shortened the survival of BTC patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T04:45:30Z","timestamp":1680151530000},"page":"10889-10898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Main causes of death in advanced biliary tract cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1964-2551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kana","family":"Kimura\u2010Seto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology National Center for Global Health and Medicine  1\u201021\u20101 Toyama, Shinjuku\u2010ku Tokyo 162\u20108655 Japan"},{"name":"Course of Advanced and Specialized Medicine Juntendo University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine  2\u20101\u20101 Hongo, Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo 113\u20108421 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology National Center for Global Health and Medicine  1\u201021\u20101 Toyama, Shinjuku\u2010ku Tokyo 162\u20108655 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiori","family":"Komori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology National Center for Global Health and Medicine  1\u201021\u20101 Toyama, Shinjuku\u2010ku Tokyo 162\u20108655 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Hisada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology National Center for Global Health and Medicine  1\u201021\u20101 Toyama, Shinjuku\u2010ku Tokyo 162\u20108655 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