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We examined the association between cancer history and neurocognitive test performance among middle\u2010aged and older Hispanic\/Latinos.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants included 9639 Hispanic\/Latino adults from the community\u2010based and prospective Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos. At baseline (2008\u20132011; V1), participants self\u2010reported their cancer history. At V1 and again at a 7\u2010year follow\u2010up (2015\u20132018; V2), trained technicians administered neurocognitive tests including the Brief\u2010Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (B\u2010SEVLT), Word Fluency Test (WF), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSS). We used survey linear regression to estimate the overall, sex\u2010specific, and cancer site\u2010specific [i.e., cervix, breast, uterus, and prostate] adjusted associations between cancer history and neurocognitive test performance at V1 and changes from V1 to V2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At V1, a history of cancer (6.4%) versus no history of cancer (93.6%) was associated with higher WF scores (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.14, SE\u2009=\u20090.06; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03) and global cognition (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.09, SE\u2009=\u20090.04; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04). Among women, a history of cervical cancer predicted decreases in SEVLT\u2010Recall scores (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.31, SE\u2009=\u20090.13; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) from V1 to V2, and among men, a history of prostate cancer was associated with higher V1 WF scores (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.29, SE\u2009=\u20090.12; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) and predicted increases in SEVLT\u2010Sum (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.46, SE\u2009=\u20090.22; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) from V1 to V2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among women, a history of cervical cancer was associated with 7\u2010year memory decline, which may reflect the impacts of systemic cancer therapies. Among men, however, a history of prostate cancer was associated with improvements in cognitive performance, perhaps due in part to engaging in health promoting behaviors following cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T13:44:44Z","timestamp":1680270284000},"page":"11860-11870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neurocognitive test performance following cancer among <scp>middle\u2010aged<\/scp> and older adults in the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos (<scp>HCHS<\/scp>\/<scp>SOL<\/scp>) and the <scp>SOL\u2010Investigation<\/scp> of Neurocognitive Aging Ancillary Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6562-8577","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"Humberto","family":"Parada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health San Diego State University  San Diego California USA"},{"name":"UC San Diego Health Moores Cancer Center  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9132-4400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret S.","family":"Pichardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Hospitals of the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3678-5888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda C.","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology San Diego State University  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5360-1107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Talavera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology San Diego State University  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4062-7532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinne","family":"McDaniels\u2010Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, School of Public Health San Diego State University  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2780-0417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank J.","family":"Penedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychology and Medicine University of Miami College of 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