{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T05:24:14Z","timestamp":1787635454941,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with anal cancers and is more prevalent in gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men (gbMSM), partly due to their vulnerability to HIV infection. Baseline HPV genotype distributions and risk factors can inform the design of next\u2010generation HPV vaccines to prevent anal cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among gbMSM receiving care at a HIV\/STI clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Anal swabs were genotyped using a Luminex microsphere array. Multiple logistic regression methods were used to identify risk factors for four HPV outcomes (any HPV, any HR\u2010HPV, and 4\u2010 and 9\u2010valent vaccine\u2010preventable HPVs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 115 gbMSM, 51 (44.3%) were HIV\u2010infected. Overall HPV prevalence was 51.3%; 84.3% among gbMSM living with HIV and 24.6% among gbMSM without HIV (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). One\u2010third (32.2%) had HR\u2010HPV and the most prevalent vaccine\u2010preventable HR\u2010HPV genotypes were 16, 35, 45, and 58. HPV\u201018 was uncommon (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092). The 9\u2010valent Gardasil vaccine would have prevented 61.0% of HPV types observed in this population. In multivariate analyses, HIV status was the only significant risk factor for any HPV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]:23.0, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 7.3\u201386.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and for HR\u2010HPV (aOR: 8.9, 95% CI: 2.8\u201336.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Similar findings were obtained for vaccine\u2010preventable HPVs. Being married to a woman significantly increased the\u00a0odds of having HR\u2010HPV infections (aOR: 8.1, 95% CI: 1.6\u201352.0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>GbMSM living with HIV in Kenya are at higher risk of anal HPV infections including genotypes that are preventable with available vaccines. Our findings support the need for a targeted HPV vaccination campaign in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T13:00:31Z","timestamp":1683205231000},"page":"13745-13757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["High prevalence of vaccine\u2010preventable anal human papillomavirus infections is associated with <scp>HIV<\/scp> infection among gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men in Nairobi, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4089-016X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myo Minn","family":"Oo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba 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