{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T05:06:57Z","timestamp":1785215217370,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant no. 2021A1515012368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant no. 2021A1515012368"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and hepato\u2010pancreato\u2010biliary cancers (HPBC) have been established to cause a huge socioeconomic burden. Epidemiological studies have revealed a close association between IBD and HPBC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Herein, we utilized inverse\u2010variance weighting to conduct a two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization analysis. We sought to investigate the link between various subtypes of IBD and HPBC. To ensure the accuracy and consistency of our findings, we conducted heterogeneity tests, gene pleiotropy tests, and sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to the general population, IBD patients in Europe exhibited a 1.22\u2010fold increased incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.0022\u20131.4888 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0475). We also found a 1.14\u2010fold increased incidence of PC in Crohn's disease (CD) patients with (95% CI: 1.0017\u20131.3073, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0472). In the East Asian population, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was 1.28\u2010fold higher (95% CI\u2009=\u20091.0709\u20131.5244, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0065) in IBD patients than in the general population. Additionally, ulcerative colitis (UC) patients displayed 1.12\u2010fold (95% CI: 1.1466\u20131.3334, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and 1.31\u2010fold (95% CI: 1.0983\u20131.5641, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0027) increased incidences of HCC and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), respectively. Finally, the incidence of PC was 1.19\u2010fold higher in CD patients than in the general population (95% CI\u2009=\u20091.0741\u20131.3132, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0008).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study validated that IBD is a risk factor for HPBC. This causal relationship exhibited significant heterogeneity in different European and East Asian populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T12:25:20Z","timestamp":1684153520000},"page":"13599-13609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Inflammatory bowel disease increases the risk of hepatobiliary pancreatic cancer: A two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization analysis of European and East Asian populations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jinsheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VIP Department Sun Yat\u2010sen University Cancer Center  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sun Yat\u2010sen University Cancer Center  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Sun Yat\u2010sen 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