{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:19:02Z","timestamp":1792441142778,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor with a high cure potential when proper therapy is used. The purpose of this paper is to report the clinical features and outcomes of patients with retinoblastoma who were treated with a combination of local and systemic chemotherapy\u2010based protocols.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively studied patients treated with systemic chemotherapy plus local treatment between 2003 and 2015 with a follow\u2010up \u22652\u2009years. We correlated clinical and pathological characteristics with decimal visual acuity (VA) and death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 119 patients, 60% had unilateral disease (UNI), and 52% were male. The median presentation age was 19.5\u2009months, 10% had a positive family history, and the most frequent sign was leukocoria (68.8%). Advanced disease was more frequent in eyes with UNI (98.4%) than in eyes with bilateral retinoblastoma (BIL: 55.3%). Enucleation was performed in 97% of UNI eyes and in 55.8% of BIL eyes. The overall globe salvage was 26.6%, 44.25% of BIL eyes. Bilateral enucleation was required in 5%. High\u2010risk pathologic features occurred in 50% and 37% of eyes enucleated without and with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, respectively. High\u2010risk features were related to the presence of goniosynechiae in the pathologic specimen and were more frequent in children younger than 10\u2009months or older than 40\u2009months. Extraocular disease was present in 5% of patients, and the death rate related to metastasis of the tumor was 8%. The final VA was \u2265\u20090.7 in 72.8% and\u2009\u22650.1 in 91% of BIL patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment of retinoblastoma with conservative systemic\u2010based chemotherapy was associated with an excellent survival rate (92%). Albeit the low overall globe salvage rate, in BIL patients, approximately half the eyes were conserved, and a satisfactory functional visual result was achieved The evaluated protocol is an important treatment option, especially in developing countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]],"date-time":"2024-01-20T06:55:09Z","timestamp":1705733709000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Retinoblastoma treatment in a Brazilian population. Presentation and long\u2010term results"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0721-3431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa Brizzi Chizzotti","family":"Bonanomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory for Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM\u201033), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Tereza A.","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITACI (Treatment of Children with Cancer Institute) and Children's Institute Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna A.","family":"Hollaender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta Chizzotti","family":"Bonanomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario Luiz Ribeiro","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory for Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM\u201033), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo 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