{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T16:45:21Z","timestamp":1764175521461,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The malignancy of cholangiocarcinoma is highly pronounced, and it exhibits a propensity for recurrence and metastasis even in the presence of standard chemotherapy. The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy in patients with resected cholangiocarcinoma needs to be substantiated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from 101 patients with cholangiocarcinoma treated at the Sun Yat\u2010sen University Cancer Center between 2015 and 2020 were studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After propensity score matching, there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between patients in the combined adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy group (AC\u2009+\u2009IM group) and the adjuvant chemotherapy alone group (AC group) (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The AC\u2009+\u2009IM group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in relapse\u2010free survival (RFS) compared to the AC group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.032). Likewise, the AC\u2009+\u2009IM group exhibited a significantly superior overall survival (OS) outcome when compared to the AC group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.044). Multivariate Cox analysis unveiled perineural invasion (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.041), lymph node metastasis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006), and postoperative immunotherapy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008) as independent prognostic factors exerting a significant impact on the OS of patients. In the cohort of patients with perineural invasion, the AC\u2009+\u2009IM group exhibited significantly improved OS compared to the AC group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0077). Similarly, within the subset of patients with lymph node metastasis, the AC\u2009+\u2009IM group exhibited a significantly superior OS outcome when compared to the AC group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Combining postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with immunotherapy extends the RFS and OS of patients with cholangiocarcinoma following radical resection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T03:22:45Z","timestamp":1702005765000},"page":"21742-21750","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Adjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy in patients with cholangiocarcinoma after radical 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