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To date, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VZV<\/jats:styled-content> is the only virus consistently reported to have an inverse association with glioma. The Glioma International Case\u2010Control Study (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GICC<\/jats:styled-content>) is a large, multisite consortium with data on 4533 cases and 4171 controls collected across five countries. Here, we utilized the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GICC<\/jats:styled-content> data to confirm the previously reported associations between history of chickenpox and glioma risk in one of the largest studies to date on this topic. Using two\u2010stage random\u2010effects restricted maximum likelihood modeling, we found that a positive history of chickenpox was associated with a 21% lower glioma risk, adjusting for age and sex (95% confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 0.65\u20130.96). Furthermore, the protective effect of chickenpox was stronger for high\u2010grade gliomas. Our study provides additional evidence that the observed protective effect of chickenpox against glioma is unlikely to be coincidental. Future studies, including meta\u2010analyses of the literature and investigations of the potential biological mechanism, are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,14]],"date-time":"2016-03-14T06:35:57Z","timestamp":1457937357000},"page":"1352-1358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["History of chickenpox in glioma risk: a report from the glioma international case\u2013control study (<scp>GICC<\/scp>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"E. Susan","family":"Amirian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology\u2010Oncology Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Scheurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology\u2010Oncology Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renke","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology\u2010Oncology Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret R.","family":"Wrensch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery University of California  San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina\u00a0N.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology\u2010Oncology Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Lachance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center  Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara H.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Memorial Sloan\u2010Kettering Cancer Center  New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching C.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology\u2010Oncology Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth B.","family":"Claus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill\u00a0S.","family":"Barnholtz\u2010Sloan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Il'yasova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Georgia State University School of Public Health  Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine Cancer Control and Prevention Program Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joellen","family":"Schildkraut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine Cancer Control and Prevention Program Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Ali\u2010Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siegal","family":"Sadetzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit Gertner Institute Chaim Sheba Medical Center  Tel Hashomer Israel"},{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine Tel\u2010Aviv University  Tel\u2010Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert B.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center  Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonine L.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Memorial Sloan\u2010Kettering Cancer Center  New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan T.","family":"Merrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology NorthShore University HealthSystem  Evanston Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faith G.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Services University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Preventive Medicine The University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine  Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Shete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher I.","family":"Amos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine Department of Genetics Norris Cotton Cancer Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth  Hanover New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice S.","family":"Melin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Sciences Oncology Ume\u00e5 University  Ume\u00e5 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa L.","family":"Bondy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology\u2010Oncology Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Varicella\u2010zoster virus T cell tropism and the pathogenesis of skin infection","volume":"342","author":"Arvin A. M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. 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