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However, relatively little is known about its etiology despite the high morbidity and mortality. It has been suggested that chronic inflammation may be involved in prostate carcinogenesis. We investigated the role of sexually and non\u2010sexually transmitted infections in prostate cancer risk with a specific interest in the aggressive types.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used data from epidemiological study of prostate cancer (EPICAP), a population\u2010based case\u2013control study. A total of 819 incident cases and 879 controls were interviewed face\u2010to\u2010face using a standardized questionnaire gathering information on known or suspected risk factors of prostate cancer and personal history of specific sexually and non\u2010sexually transmitted infections: gonorrhea, syphilis, trichomonas, herpes, mononucleosis, Epstein\u2013Barr virus, varicella\u2010zoster, and dengue. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence interval were estimated using multivariate unconditional logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no significant association between gonorrhea (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.61\u20131.33), trichomonas (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.27\u20132.07), genital herpes (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.38\u20131.27), and the risk of prostate cancer. No association emerged for overall sexually transmitted bacterial and viral infections (OR 1.05, 95% CI: 0.86\u20131.29) and overall non\u2010sexually transmitted viral infections (OR 1.11, 95% CI: 0.90\u20131.35) and the risk of prostate cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results showed that sexually or non\u2010sexually transmitted infections, either bacterial or viral, were not associated to prostate cancer. Therefore, further investigation is needed to help advance our understanding of the role of chronic inflammation in the etiology of prostate cancer, with a particular focus on its most aggressive types.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T11:53:26Z","timestamp":1704369206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sexually and non\u2010sexually transmitted infections and the risk of prostate cancer: Results from the EPICAP study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Melissa","family":"Sawaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP  Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Cordina\u2010Duverger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP  Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre\u2010Jean","family":"Lamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de recherche clinique, Clinique Beau Soleil  Montpellier France"},{"name":"Service Urologie, Clinique Beau Soleil  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"R\u00e9billard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service Urologie, Clinique Beau Soleil  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Tr\u00e9tarre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Registre des Tumeurs de l'H\u00e9rault, EA 2415, ICM  Montpellier France"},{"name":"Center for Epidemiology and Research in Population Health (CERPOP)  Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3363-6411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florence","family":"Menegaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP  Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global Health Observatory. 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