{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:54:54Z","timestamp":1762869294570,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we investigated infection\u2010related tumor growth, focusing on myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in clinical and experimental settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the clinical study, a total 109 patients who underwent gastrectomy or esophagectomy were included. Blood samples were collected from a preoperative time point through 3\u2009months after surgery, and MDSCs were analyzed using flow cytometry. In animal experiments, peritonitis model mice were created by CLP method. We investigated the number of splenic MDSCs in these mice using flow cytometry. Malignant melanoma cells (B16F10) were inoculated on the back of the mice, and tumor growth was monitored. We compared the level of MDSC infiltration around the tumor and the migration ability between CLP and sham\u2010operated mice\u2010derived MDSCs. Finally, we focused on PD\u2010L1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>MDSCs to examine the effectiveness of anti\u2010PD\u2010L1 antibodies on tumor growth in CLP mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with postoperative infectious complication, MDSC number was found to remain elevated 3\u2009months after surgery, when the inflammatory responses were normalized. CLP mice showed increased numbers of MDSCs, and following inoculation with B16F10 cells, this higher number of MDSCs was associated with significant tumor growth. CLP\u2010mice\u2010derived MDSCs had higher levels of accumulation around the tumor and had more enhanced migration ability. Finally, CLP mice had increased numbers of PD\u2010L1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>MDSCs and showed more effective inhibition of tumor growth by anti\u2010PD\u2010L1 antibodies compared to sham\u2010operated mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010lasting enhanced MDSCs associated with infection may contribute to infection\u2010related tumor progression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T16:00:02Z","timestamp":1709913602000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pivotal role of <scp>myeloid\u2010derived<\/scp> suppressor cells in <scp>infection\u2010related<\/scp> tumor growth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nozomi","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery National Defense Medical College  Tokorozawa 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